WARD.] BIOGUAPHICAL SKETCHES. 381 



not to have been acquainted with De Candolle's "Organogdnie"), he 

 proposed a classiflcation and terminology, which, so far as they went, 

 Heer was willing to adopt,^" and which are in common use by paleo- 

 botanists at the present time. In 1855 Ettingshausen and Pokorny 

 received instructions to prepare a work for the Paris Exposition to be 

 held in 1867 that should thoroughly illustrate the application of the 

 nature printing process to the science of botany. The result was that 

 immense and astonishing production entitled " Physiotypia plantarum 

 Austriacarum," with its six enormous volumes of most exquisite plates, 

 not only illustrating the leaves of the trees and shrubs, the flowers with 

 their petals, sepals, stamens, and pistils, but the entire plants wherever 

 within the ample limits of size, and these stand forth from the plates 

 in actual relief like a veritable hortus siccus. This grand success was 

 followed up by various monographs upon the nervation of certain impor- 

 tant orders, as the Celastrinese, Bombacese, Graminese, etc. Aided 

 further by this magic process he commenced in 1858^' a series of 

 works illustrating the skeletons only of leaves, the most important 

 of which is his " Blattskelette der -Dykotyledonen," which appeared 

 in 1861. The way thus cleared for the successful study of the Terti- 

 ary floras of the world, Ettingshausen, from this time on, has continued 

 his important investigations in this field, and each year our knowledge 

 of fossil plants is increased and extended by his enlightened con- 

 tributions. It would carry us quite beyond our limits lo attempt an 

 eumeration here even of the most important of these memoirs, but 

 we cannot complete our brief sketch of Ettingshausen's invaluable 

 labors without a passing reference to such productions as his Flora 

 of the Tertiary basin of Bilin, his Cretaceous Flora of Niederschona^ 

 his Floras of Wetterau, Steiermark, Eadoboj, Sagor, etc. Coupled 

 with his great powers of accurate observation and strictly scientific 

 method of investigation, Ettingshausen displays an unusually broad 

 grasp of the deeper problems which paleobotany presents and has un- 

 doubtedly been for many years far in advance of all his contemporaries 

 in this field in correctly apprehending and announcing the true laws of 

 phytochorology and plant development. 



Baron von Ettingshausen was born in 1826 at Vienna, and is a member 

 of many learned societies and scientific bodies. 



19. Newberry. — Dr. John Strong Newberry, of the School of Mines, 

 Columbia College, ISew York, one of the most eminent American geolo- 

 gists, was born at New Windsor, Conn., December 22 , 1822, and gradu- 

 ated at Western Eeserve College in 1846. Two years later he took the 

 degree of M. D. from Cleveland Medical College, Ohio. Before com- 

 mencing the practice of his profession at Cleveland, in 1851, he spent 

 two years in Europe. On his return opportunities soon presented them- 



=8FloTa Tertiaria Helvetia, Band II, pp. 2-6. 



^9The first was Ms " Blattskelette der Apetalen," Wiener Denksohriften, Band XV, 

 185rt, pp. 181-272, with fifty-one plates. 



