380 SKETCH OF PALEOBOTANY. 



his " Synopsis florae fossilis Senogalliensis," Verona, 1858, forms an in- 

 tegral part, having been prepared from the plates of the former, to 

 which reference is constantly made. This work is thoroughly illustrated 

 by forty-five large quarto plates of well executed but not very well 

 printed figures, and is one of the most important contributions to the 

 Tertiary flora of Europe. It virtually and fittingly closed the too short 

 but perhaps too active career of one of Italy's most talented scientists 

 18. Ettingshausen. — Since the death of Oswald Heer the great merits 

 of Baron von Ettingshausen's paleobotanical researches, always highly 

 appreciated, have seemed to command especial attention. Beginning 

 this career simultaneously with Massalongo in the year 1850,^^ he has had 

 the advantage over the Italian savant of being permitted to continue it 

 uninterruptedly under the most favorable auspices down to the present 

 time. He immediately began his studies in the Tertiary flora of the Aust- 

 rian Monarchy, and published the Tertiary Flora of Vienna in 1851. 

 His "Beitrage zur Flora der Vorwelt," "Proteaceen der Vorwelt," and 

 numerous lesser papers appeared in the same year. From the number 

 of important papers that appeared during 185:i and 185.^ it is clear that 

 he must have been very active, entering as he did into the study of 

 Paleozoic and Mesozoic floras, as well as continuing his work on the 

 Tertiary plants. It was, however, in 1851 that he laid the foundation 

 for that deserved renown which he now enjoys in taking up under such 

 extraordinarily favorable conditions the investigation of the true ])rin- 

 ciples of nervation in dicotyledonous leaves. The process of nature- 

 printing, or ]}liysiotyj)j {Naturselbstdruch),ha.d been invented in the 

 Austrian imperial court and state printing-offlce by Aner and Wor- 

 ring, and Ettingshausen at once perceived its special apijlicability to 

 the science of botany. Recognizing the vast importance of this dis- 

 covery to paleobotany he obtained permission to employ the new method 

 and proceeded to prepare his first monograph " Ueber die Nerva- 

 tion der Blatter und blattartigen Organe bei den Euphorbiaceen mit 

 besonderer Eticksicht auf die vorweltlichen Formen,"^* which he fol- 

 lowed up with a similar memoir, " Ueber dielServation der Blatter der 

 Papilionaceen.^5 To the first of these memoirs was prefixed a brief 

 synopsis of the classes of nei'vation found in euphorbiaceous leaves. 

 Availing himself of the efforts in this direction which had been pre- 

 viously made by Leopold von Buch,^'^ Bianconi," and others (he seems 



"No less than four of liis papers appeared iu that year, one in the Sitzungsberichte 

 of the Vienna Academj', one in the iirst volume of the Austrian Geological .Jahrbuch, 

 and two in the sixth volume of Haidinger'a Collections of Memoirs. 



^''Sitzungsheriohte d. Akad. d. Wiss. Wien. Bd. XII, 1854, pp. 138-154, PI. I-XVII. 



26ioc. at., pp. 600-663, PI. I-XXII. 



2«Ueber die Blattnerven uud ihre Vertheilung. Monatshericht der Berliner Aka- 

 demie der Wissenschaft, 1852, pp. 42-49, with plate. 



" Giuseppe G. Bianconi. Sul sistema vascolare delle foglie, considerato come carat- 

 tere distintivo per la determinaziono delle fiUiti. N. Ann. d. So. Nat. Bologna, 1838 

 Ann. I, Tom. I, pp. 343-^90, PI. VII-XIII. ' 



