WARD.] BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 375 



continued them without interruption to the end of his life. His most 

 important work, on the " Structure of Fossil Plants from the Carbonif- 

 erous Strata," published by the Palseontographical Society of London, 

 was commenced in 1868. His death took place in the year 1882. 



10. Unger. — Franz linger of Steiermark, who was born in 1800 and 

 died in 1870, was one of the most illustrious of European botanists and 

 paleontologists. His memoirs and books on paleobotany are only less 

 numerous than those of Goppert, and among them is an unusually large 

 number of monographs of great va*lue. His investigations were chiefly 

 confined to the more recent formations, and his "Chloris protogsea," 

 "Flora von Sotzka," " Iconographia plantarum fossilium," and " Sylloge 

 plantarum fossilium" are worthy of special mention. His "Synopsis 

 plantarum fossilium" and "Genera et species" are systematic attempts 

 to compile the known data of the science in condensed and convenient 

 form. His first paper ^ on the subject was published in 1840. 



11. Schimper. — Although Schimper contributed a paper ^^ on fossil 

 plants as early as 1840, and was associated with Mougeot in preparing 

 their important "Monographic des plantes fossiles du gres bigarr^ de 

 la chaine des Vosges" in 1844, as also with Kochlin-Schlumberger in 

 his "Terrain de transition des Vosges" in 1862, still, but for his great 

 "Traits de pal^ontologie v6g6tale," the third volume of which appeared 

 in 1874, it is evident that this eminent bryologist would not have 

 been entitled to be also ranked among the great paleobotanists. The 

 " Traits " is unquestionably the most important contribution yet made 

 to the science. Although necessarily to a large degree a compilation 

 of the work of others, still it is by no means wanting in originality, 

 and contains a great amount of new matter. Its chief merit, however, 

 is in its conception and plan as a complete manual of systematic 

 paleobotany. The classification is highly scientific and rational, and 

 the discussion of abstruse points in defense of it is acute and cogent. 

 Every species of fossil plant known to the author is described in Latin, 

 and much independence is manifested in the rejection of synonyms. 

 Very important is the geological classification at the end of Volume III, 

 showing that the author had clear ideas of the uses of the science. The 

 selections for the atlas are always the very best, and not a few of the 

 figures are original. Although not in possession of all the extant data, 

 particularly from America," Schimper succeeded in supplying in this 

 work the greatest need of paleobotany. His great talent as an organ- 

 s' Ueber ein Lager vorweltlicher Pflanzen anf der Stangalpe. Steyermarkisohe 



Zeitsohrift, Gralz, 1840. I have only been able to consult this memoir in Leonhard & 

 Bronn'a Neue Jahrbucher (1842, pp. 607, 608), which may not contain it in extenso. 



lOBanmfarnejSchachtelhaJme, Cyoadeen, Aethophylluni, Albertia * * * im banten 

 Sandstein der Vogesen; Hysterium auf einem Pappel-Blatte der Wetterauer Braun- 

 kohle. Leonhard und Bronn's Neue Jahrbiicher, 1840, pp. 336-338. Communication 

 dated 14. Marz 1840. 



11 gee "The American Journal of Science," 3d series, Vol. XXVII (April. 1884), p. 296. 



