SECTION XVI. 



COMMERCIAL FEEDS— Continued 

 Milling By-Products. — These consist of wheat by-products and 



rice by-products. 

 Wheat By-Products. — Of the 664,602,000 bushels of wheat 



harvested in the United States during 1908 about 11 per cent. 



was saved for seed and 25 per cent, of the remainder constituted 



the wheat by-products. According to Bessey the wheat kernel 



is made up as follows :^ 



Per cent. #Per cent. 



Coatings 5 Starch cells ^4-86 



Gluten layer 3-4 Germ 6 



Wheat bran, wheat middlings, wheat screenings and flour are 

 products derived from the wheat kernel, i. Wheat bran con- 

 sists mostly of the outer portions of the wheat kernel. 2. Wheat' 

 middlings is sometimes called shorts, and is made up of the 

 inner layers of the outer covering of the wheat kernel. 3. 

 Wheat screenings is a variable product obtained in screening 

 wheat to prepare it for manufacturing into flour. It generally 

 consists mostly of fine particles of the kernel, shrunken kernels, 

 and may contain weed seeds and other foreign matter. It is 

 used in mixed feeds and sometimes fed alone. 4. Flour is 

 made from the starchy part of the wheat kernel, or the soft 

 white interior portion. When flour contains middlings it is 

 known as low grade flour, red dog flour, dark feeding flour and 

 used for feeding live-stock. 



Composition of Wheat and Its By-Products 



Composition in per cent. 



Fat 

 (ether 

 extract) 



Nitrogen 

 free ex- 

 tract 



Fiber 



Wheat kernel 



Wheat bran 



Wheat middlings (shorts) 

 Wheat mixed feed (bran 



and shorts) 



Wheat screenings 



Red dog flour 



High grade flour 



11.9 



15-4 

 16.1 



15-5 

 12.5 

 13-4 

 II. 2 



2.1 

 4.0 

 4-5 



4-3 

 3-0 

 1.8 



0.5 



71.9 

 53-9 

 58.7 



56.8 

 65.1 

 68.2 

 77.0 



1.8 

 9.0 

 5-7 



7-4 

 4-9 

 1-5 

 0-3 



10.5 

 11.9 

 10.4 



10.9 

 II. 6 



13-3 

 10.6 



1.8 

 5.8 

 4.6 



5-1 

 2.9 

 1.8 

 0.4 



1 Jordan, " The Feeding of Animals.' 



