EBSTOKATIVE AGENTS. 49 



alkaloids, called: Quinina, quinine — the most valua. 

 ble. Quinidina, quinidine — the strongest antiperi- 

 odic. Cinchonia, cinchonine — the least valuable. 

 Cinchonidina, cinchonidine — about half the strength 

 of quinine. Besides these are found seventeen other 

 alkaloids of minor importance, two simple acids, two 

 tannic acids, one resinoid, and coloring matter. 



Chinoidin is the black bitter residue left after the 

 crystallizable alkaloids have been removed from the 

 mother liquor, and evaporated. It is one-fourth as 

 strong as quinine. 



Quinine is prepared by boiling the coarsely ground 

 bark in dilute hydrochloric acid, and treating the fil- 

 tered solution with lime until it is alkaline in reac- 

 tion. This process precipitates the alkaloids and the 

 coloring matter. The collected precipitate is then 

 boiled with alcohol, which dissolves the quinine and 

 cinchonine. This last solution is neutralized with 

 sulphuric acid, boiled with animal charcoal, and fil- 

 tered. This filtered liquid, on standing, allows the 

 quinine sulphate to crystallize out, and retains the 

 cinchonine in solution. Quinine sulphate occurs in 

 delicate feathery or silky whitish prisms, has an in- 

 tensely bitter taste, is soluble in seven hundred and 

 forty to nine hundred parts of cold water, readily 

 in alcohol, soluble ether, chloroform, and dilute 

 acids. 



Chief Prepakations op Cinchona employed in 

 veterinary practice are : 



Pulvis Corticis Cinchonce, powdered cinchona 

 bark. Dose: H., 3ij.-iv.; D., gr. xx.-xl. 

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