196 PLANT rKOPAGATION 



So, too, of plums Upon myroljalan, and apples upon Para- 

 dise and Doucin stocks. 



253. Quince stocks of an inferior order are grown from 

 seed. Large quantities of good ones are produced by 

 stools or mound layers (94), but the great bulk is now- 

 grown from cuttings, especially in the neighborhood of 

 Angers, France. Nurserymen who have tried other 

 stocks give this the preference. Dwarf pears are more 

 often budded than grafted on quince stocks. 



254. Pear on qviince produces larger fruits and bigger yields than 

 on pear stock. LeClerc du Sablon attributes these phenomena to 

 the greater accumulation and reserve food during fall and winter 

 in the trunk and limbs of the pear-quince union. This food in 

 spring helps form fruits in larger quantity and of greater size. 

 No reason is assigned for the larger starch accumulation. 



255. Kieffer pear is so strong a grower that attempts to dwarf it 

 result either in the cion taking root, thus making the tree a standard, 

 or in the top outgrowing the stock so much that the union, being 

 poor, the tree easily breaks off. 



256. Double working is sometimes employed to make a 

 straight tree instead of a straggling one (Winter Nelis 

 pear) or to give vigor to one that grows weakly or poorly 

 (King and Grimes apples — subject to collar rot). The 

 strong grower is iirst grown upon a seedling stock, and 

 when old enough grafted or budded with the desired 

 variety, thus performing two graftage operations and 

 having three different kinds of wood — that from the 

 seedling, and that from the second bud or cion upon the 

 first. Generally the first cion is allowed to grow a year 

 before the second is grafted on it ; but sometimes when 

 the "sandwich" of intermediate wood is to be short, as 

 with pears, both are set together; that is, a cion of the 

 desired variety is grafted in the cion which is to produce 

 the intermediate wood, and this one then inserted in the 

 seedling stock. Considerable skill in grafting is needed 

 to offset the extra risk of failure by this plan. 



The trees most often double worked are probablv 

 pears, some of which do not form good direct unions with 

 quince stocks, and which must therefore have a go-be- 



