METHODS OF GRAFTING 229 



whose tops lia\'e Ijctn uuiLed Ijy modified inarching', tlie 

 difference being that neither cion below the union nor 

 stock above have Ijeen cut, Ijut both allowed to grow. 



In the topics, inarching is used for propagating the 

 mango. Seedlings are grown in five or six-inch flower 

 pots and placed on stands beneath trees to furnish cions 

 and within easy reach of branches to be united, as already 

 described. After union the potted trees are grown for a 

 time in the nursery before being set in the orchard. 

 Various citrus fruits and camelias were formerly in- 

 arched, but are now mostly veneer grafted. 



Inarching on young seedlings, according to Oliver, has proved 

 superior in simplicity, rapidity and results to inarching on plants in 

 five and six-inch pots. It has a wider range of adaptability than 

 budding and requires less skill. The seedling may be used either as 

 stock or cion. Nurse plant propagation is a special form of seed- 

 ling inarch in which the plants develop a strong aerial root from 

 the base of the cion in about 18 months after the union of certain 

 tropical fruits (mangosteen on related species of Garcinia) was 

 considered complete and the stock top and seedling root had been 

 severed. This root pierces the ground, after which both top and 

 roots develop rapidly. The method has not been fully tested, but 

 has been announced for other experimenters to test. 



297. Inarching. — Daniel concludes from many series of experi- 

 ments with unrelated plants (kidney bean and cocklebur, kidney 

 bean and castor bean, sunflower and melon, cabbage and tomato, 

 chrysanthemum and tomato, Jerusalem artichoke and black night- 

 shade, coleus and acaranthus. cineraria and tomato, aster and 

 phlox, coleus and tomato, maple and lilac, zinnia and tomato) that 

 "the old idea that only plants belonging to the same family can be 

 grafted on each other does not apply to grafting by approach." 



The most perfect grafts in these experiments were made between 

 plants nearest alike in vigor and vegetation. The nature of the 

 tissue of the different plants also played an important role. Tomato 

 and cabbage and artichoke and nightshade gave good unions on 

 account of their herbaceous nature and rapid growth, while aster 

 and phlox, somewhat advanced in growth, and year-old maple 

 and lilac united with difficulty except on very young shoots. 



298. Grafting classified as to position. — So far as posi- 

 tion is concerned, grafting may be classified as: 1, root 

 grafting, in which only a root is used as a stock ; 2, 

 crown grafting, in which cions are inserted in stocks at 

 the collar; 3, trunk or stem grafting, in which they are 

 set in the tree below the branches; and 4, top grafting, in 



