The Cumberland Mountains 
knowledge which may be of use should I ever 
be a negro teamster. 
September 14. Philadelphia is a very filthy 
village in a beautiful situation. More or less of 
pine. Black oak most abundant. Polypodium — 
hexagonopterum and Aspidium acrostichoides 
[Christmas Fern] most abundant of ferns and 
most generally distributed. Osmunda claytoni- 
ana rare, not in fruit, small. Dicksonia abun- 
dant, after leaving the Cumberland Mountains. 
Asplenium ebeneum [Ebony Spleenwort] quite 
common in Tennessee and many parts of Ken- 
tucky. Cystopteris [Bladder Fern], and Asplen- 
tum filix-feemina not common through the same 
range. Pieris aguilina [Common Brake] abun- 
dant, but small. 
Walked through many a leafy valley, shady 
grove, and cool brooklet. Reached Madison- 
ville, a brisk village. Came in full view of the 
Unaka Mountains, a magnificent sight. Stayed 
over night with a pleasant young farmer. 
September 15. Most glorious billowy moun- 
tain scenery. Made many a halt at open places 
33 ] 
