The Cumberland Mountains 
couth transitionist establishments from the 
wigwams of savages to the clumsy but clean 
log castle of the thrifty pioneer. 
September 20. All day among the groves and 
gorges of Murphy with Mr. Beale. Was shown 
the site of Camp Butler where General Scott 
had his headquarters when he removed the 
Cherokee Indians to a new home in the West. 
Found a number of rare and strange plants on 
the rocky banks of the river Hiwassee. In the 
afternoon, from the summit of a commanding 
ridge, I obtained a magnificent view of blue, 
softly curved mountain scenery. Among the 
trees I saw Ilex [Holly] for the first time. Mr. 
Beale informed me that the paleness of most 
of the women in his neighborhood, and the 
mountains in general hereabouts, was caused 
chiefly by smoking and by what is called “dip- 
ping.” I had never even heard of dipping. The 
term simply describes the application of snuff 
to the gum by means of a small swab. 
September 21. Most luxuriant forest. Many 
brooks running across the road. Blairsville 
[ 43 ] 
