INSECTS 25 



4. Get a grasshopper to climb up a stick or piece of grass, 

 o. Tell what you have done and observed. 



b. How is the insect able to cling to the stick? 



5. (Demonstration or home work.) Place a lively grass- 



hopper in a clear space on the floor or in a cage. 

 Get it to jump enough times to determine the 

 following points : — 



a. What is the position of the parts of the hind legs 



when the animal is ready to leap? 



b. What is the position of the parts of the hind leg 



the instant the insect lands? 



c. What does the grasshopper do to get ready for 



another jump? 



d. What movement throws the insect into the air? 



Is this movement made slowly or quickly? 



e. In what respects are the hind legs better fitted 



for jumping than are the two other pairs? 

 /. What seems to be the use of the smaller pairs of 

 legs when the insect lands on plants? 



6. Move the outer wings sideways and forwards at right 



angles to the body so as to expose the under pair. 

 Spread out or unfold the under wings. (It is 

 an advantage to mount the specimens on cork 

 and pin the wings in the position named above.) 



a. Which pair of wings is better fitted for flying? 



Why? 



b. How are the outer wings fitted to protect the under 



wings? 



c. (Optional.) Draw (X 2) the outline of a front wing and 



of a hind wing, and sketch in the principal veins. 

 Label front wing, hind wing, veins. 



D. Organs of the abdomen; breathing. 



1. You will observe that each of the rings or segments 

 of the abdomen is composed of an upper or 

 dorsal half and an under or ventral half. Make 

 a sketch (X 4) of a side view of four or five seg- 

 ments of the abdomen to show the structures 

 mentioned above. 



