GRAMINEAE (GEASS FAMILY) 53 



produced into awns; lemma 3-nerved, awned, broader and longer than the 

 glumes; palet a little smaller and more slender, 2-nerved, 2-keeled, very shortly 

 2-toothed. Stamens 3. Styles short, distinct; stigmas plumose. Grain in- 

 cluded within the lemma, free. 



1. Lycurus phleoides H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. PL 1: 142, t. 45. 1815. 

 Slender, wiry, 20-45 cm. high, much branched and often geniculate at the 

 base, with narrow, long-pointed leaves and cylindrical spike-like panicles 

 3-6 cm. long: spikelets 4 mm. long, with awned glumes; the first glume often 

 terminating in two unequal awns; the lemma terminating in an awn as long 

 as its body. — Colorado to Texas and westward. 



22. PHLEUM L. Timothy 



Annual or perennial grasses with flat leaves and spicate inflorescence. 

 Spikelets 1-flowered. Glumes membranous, cpmpressed, keeled, the apex 

 obliquely truncate, the midnerve produced into an awn; the lemma much 

 shorter, broader, hyaline, truncate, denticulate »t the summit; palet narrow, 

 hyaline. Stamens 3. Styles distinct, somewhat elongated; stigmas plumose. 

 Grain ovoid, free, inclosed in the lemma and palet. 



Spikes usually elongated; upper sheath not inflated 1. P. pratense. 



Spikes not elongated, ovoid to oblong; upper sheath inflated . , . 2. F. alpinum. 



1. Phleum pratense L. Sp. PI. 59. 1753. Perennial, with erect simple 

 culms 3-12 dm. high: upper sheath long and not inflated or very sUghtly so: 

 leaves smooth or scabrous, 8-20 cm. long, 4-6 mm. wide: spike usually elon- 

 gated cylindric, 4-15 cm. long, 5-8 mm. in diameter: glumes of the spikelet 

 (exclusive of the awn) 2-5 mm. long, cihate on the keel, the awn less thap 

 half their length. Timothy. — Cultivated and becoming naturahzed in fields 

 and waysides. 



2. Phleum alpinum L. Sp. PI. 59. 1753. Perennial, 15-45 cm. high, the 

 culms simple, erect or sometimes decumbent: upper sheath usually much in- 

 flated; leaves smooth beneath, scabrous above; the lower ones 5-7 cm. long, 

 2-8 mm. wide; the uppermost less than 25 mm. long: spike short, ovoid to 

 oblong and cylindric, 13-50 mm. long, 6-12 mm. in diameter; glumes of the 

 spikelet (exclusive of the awn) 3 mm. long, strongly ciUate on the keel, the 

 awn about one half their length. Mountain Timothy. — Moist soil in the 

 mountains. 



23. ALOPECURUS L. 



Annuals or perennials, with erect or ascending culms, flat leaves and densely 

 flowered cylindrical or ovoid spike-like or capitate inflorescence. Spikelets 

 1-flowered, flattened. Glumes acute, sometimes short-awned, more or less 

 united below, compressed-keeled; keel cihate or somewhat winged; lemma 

 truncate or obtuse, hyahne, 3-nerved, awned on the back, subtending a per- 

 fect flower and usuaUjr a palet; palet hyaline, acute, sometimes wanting. 

 Stamens 3. Styles distinct or rarely united at base; stigma elongated, hairy. 



Spikes 5-8 cm. long, 4^6 mm. broad • . i 1. A. Mvus. 



Spikes 2-3 cm. long, 8-15 mm. broad 2. A. occiden talis. 



1. Alopecurus fulvus Smith, Eng. Bet. 21, t, 1467. 1793. Glabrous or 

 very nearly so: culms 1-4 dm. high, erect, or sometimes decumbent at the 

 base: leaves 2-15 cm. long, 1-4 mm. wide, scabrous especially above, the 

 uppermost sometimes exceeding the spike: spikes 5-8 cm. long, 4-6 ,mm. 

 broad: spikelets about 3 mm. long; glumes sUghtly united at base, obtuse or 

 subacute, smooth, glabrous except for the pubescent lateral nerves and the 

 strongly cihate keel; lemma equahng or slightly longer than the glumes, ob- 

 tuse, smooth and glabrous; awn inserted very Uttle below the middle of the 

 glume and equaUng or slightly exceeding it. A., gerdculatus ftdmis. — In wet 

 swales; throughout our range. 



