CYPERACEAE (sEDGE FAMILY) 101 



gid, flat on the inner face, marginless and nerveless, dull brown, beak entire or 

 nearly so, as long as or longer than the thin hyaline scale. — Wyoming to the 

 plains of the Saskatchewan. 



-1- +- Spikes several to marly-flowered, aggregated iriio a globular or oblong head. 



44. Carez gravida Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 5. 1889. Light green: culms 

 4-9 dm. tall, 3-angled, rough above: leaves flat, 3-6 mm. wide: bracts usually 

 very short: spikes several, in a dense heavy head 2-3.5 cm. long, pale, sub- 

 globose: perigynia flat, broadly ovate or suborbicular, 3-4 mm. long, rounded 

 at the base, narrowed into a 2-toothed beak about one third as long as the 

 body, several-nerved on the outer face or nerveless: scales acute, cuspidate or 

 shortTawned, about as long as the perigynia. C. cephaloidea. — Possibly coming 

 into our eastern border. 



* * * Spikes tavmy or brown, somewhat chaffy in appearance, closely aggregated 

 or densely capitate: perigynium ovate or ovate-lanceolate, not conspicuously 

 nemerf.— PoETiDAE Tuolam'. 



■I- Perigynium conspicuously rough on the angles above. 



45. Carex Hoodii Boott, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 211. t. 211. 1840. Tall and 

 slender, but erect, the culm 3-6 dm. high, prolonged beyond the leaves: spikes 

 several to many, Very few-flowered, compacted into an ovoid or oblong head 

 1-2 cm. long: perigynium spreading, small and narrow, gradually contracted at 

 both ends, green, nerveless or nearly so, conspicuously wing-margined, rough 

 on the angles, about the length of the brown or tawny scale. C. muricata con- 

 fxa. — Colorado to Montana and west to Washington^ 



46. Carex occidentalis Bailey, 1. c. Glaucous: leaves narrower than in the 

 last, and relatively longer: spikes more or less aggregated into a very slender 

 head 2-3 cm. long, the lowest one or two usually wholly distinct: bracts scale- 

 like, inconspicuous: perigynium larger than in the last, turgid-ovate, abruptly 

 short-beaked, nearly marginless and often smooth: scales mutioous. C. 

 muricata. — Colorado to Montana. 



47. Carex Hookeriana Dewey, Am. Joum. Sci. 29: 248. 1836. Very slender: 

 head interrupted, casta,neous, small, the spikes sometimes alternately ar- 

 ranged: bracts of th^two or three lower spikes produced into long awns, which 

 surpass the spikes: perigynium small, green, usually lightly nerved, gradually 

 produced into a beak which is cut into sharp awl-like teeth. C. muricata 

 gracilis. — Colorado to California. i 



+- -I— Perigynium smooth or slightly scabrous. 



48. Carex foetida All, Fl. Fed. 2: 265.' 1785. Creeping: culm 1-4 dm. high, 

 rather stout, scabrous, longer than the long-pointed leaves: spikes very densely 

 aggregated into a globose or ovoid brown head: perigynium lanceolate or 

 ovate-lanceolate, toothed at the apex, about the length of the acute or mu- 

 cronate brown scale. — Mountains; Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming. 



49. Carex incurva Lightf. Fl. Scot. 544. 1777. Extensively creeping: culm 

 stiff and short, 3-15 cm. long, smooth, usually curved, about the length of the 

 narrow and stiff curved leaves: spikes 2-5, crowded into a short Ovoid or 

 globular brown or tawny head which is only 3-15 mm. long: perigynium large 

 and turgid, stipitate, broadly ovate, conical above, purple towards the top, 

 faintly many-nerved on one side at least, narrowed into a short and stout en- 

 tire beak, not covered by the acute, thin scale. — Colorado and far into British 

 America. 



50. Carex stenophylla Wahl. Kongl. Acad. Handl. II. 24: 142. 1803. Sto- 

 loniferous: culms stiff, 3-15 cm. high from a mass of fibrillose sheaths, usu- 

 ally longer than the stiff involute filiform leaves: spikes 3-6, short, 4-8 mm. 

 long, nearly globose, loosely conglomerated into a small subglbbose or shortly 

 oblong head, each spike subtended by a scarious mucronate bract of less than 

 its own length: perigynium ovate, brown, nerved, gradually contracted into a 

 short, blunt, entire beak, tightly inclosing the achenium, at maturity longer 



