CRUCIFBRAE (MUSTARD FAMILY) 215 



aerved valves. Seeds oblong, in 1 row. An important genus, giving us the 

 cabbage, turnip, mustard, etc.; when running wild becoming unsightly weeds. 



Siliques spreading, gradually beaked 1. B. arvensis. 



Siliques appreaseo, abruptly beaked ........ 2. B. nigra. 



1. Brassica arvensis ,(L.) B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 1888. Rough with scat- 

 tered hairs, 3-5 dm. high: lower leaves pinnatifid, long-petioled, the terminal 

 lobe large and Jtpothedji upper smaller and sometimes nearly entire: ped- 

 icels stout, short: silique sessile, spreading, tapering to the flattened beak 

 whiph is often 1-seeded. Chablock, Wild Mustakd. — ^Introduced, and more 

 or less common as a weed. 



2. Byassica nigra' (L.) Koch, in Roehl, Deutsche Fl. Ed. 3. 4: 713. 1833; 

 Very similar but usually larger: the leaves more pinnatifid, the , uppermost 

 reduced to oblong-lanceolate entire sessile blades: sihque cyUndric or 4-sided, 

 abruptly contracted tc. , .iie short b^ak, closely appressed to, the rachis. Black 

 MusTABD. — Infrequent; in. waste places. 



10. RAPHANUS L. Wild Radish 



Erect biennial herbs with pjnnate or lyrate leaves and large showy flowers 

 in panicled racemes. Sepals oblong, the lateral somewhat saccate. Petals 

 large, Ipng-ola, wed, yellow or fading to white. Siliques linear-conical, cori- 

 aceous, indehi^cent, constricted between the seeds or continuous or spongy 

 within, tipped by the slender style. Seeds subglobose. 



1. Raphanus raphanistnun L. Sp. PI. 669. 1753. Stem erect and freely 

 branching, 4-7 dm. high, hispid pubescent below: the lower leaves lyrate-, 

 pinnatifid; the upper reduced, becoming oblong and, entire: sihques 3-4 cm. 

 long. Wild Radish. — An occasional weed in waste places. 



11. BARBAREA R. Br. Winter Cress 



An .erect branching biennial, with angled stem, lyr;ately pinnatifid leaves, 

 and yellowish racemose flowers. Silique linear, somewhat 4-angIed, pointed. 

 Seeds in lirow in each cell. 



1. Barbarea americana Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 174. 1900. Gla- 

 brous erect biennial 2-4 dm. high: basal leaves broadly elhptic, waVy, simple,' 

 or With 1 or 2 pairs of small lobes on the petiole; lower stefli leaves similar 

 but with the petiole clasping at base; upper stem leaves sinuately toothed" or 

 lobed: petals spatulate, about 3 mm. long: siUque somewhat 4-angled, 2-3 cm. 

 long, pointed with the short style, suberect, on short spreading pedicels. 

 — ^This native species was long mistaken for the European B: wlgmfi; natural- 

 ized in many parts of the United Staltes. ,'' ' .'j , 



12. RORIPA Scop. Cress 



Mostly glabrous biennials or perennials, with simple or pinnately lobed or 

 lyrate leaves and yellow or white flowers. Sepals flat, nearly equal at base. 

 Petals short-clawed. Silique sessile, usually short, subterete; style short and 

 rather thick; valves 1-nerved. Seeds in 2 rows, turgid.' Plants growing 

 mostly in wet places, or rarely in the water. — Nasturtium. 



Flowers white; aquatic perennial . . . . . '- .1. R. Nasturtium. 



Flowers j^eUow. 



' Perennial by running rootstocks 2. R. sinuata. 



Annual or biennial. A 



Stems erect, simple below, 2-10 dm. high. 



Hispidly hirsute on stems 3. R. hispida. 



Glabrous throughout (or nearly so) I 4. R. palustris. 



Stems branched from the base, low and spreading. 

 Fruiting raceme normal. 



Silique slender, curved, 8-15 mm. longg 5. R. ourvisiliqua. 



, Silique short, straight, 5-7 mm. long". . . . .6. R. lyrata. 

 Fr,uiting raceme unilateral . ,' , , , , .7. R.'6urvipes, 



