EOSACEAE (hose FAMILY) 251 



16. RUBUS L. Kasfbebbies and Blacebebbieb 



Mostly prickly shrubs or sdmetiiiies almost herbaceous plants, with tri- 

 foliolate or pinhately compound leaves, with adnate stipules. Flowers white 

 or purple, in panicles or corymbs or sometimes solitary. Receptaclp conical, 

 hemispherical, or nipple-shaped. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens numerous. 

 Styles fiUform; carpels niunerous, becoming drupelets and forming an aggre- 

 gate fruit on the fleshy receptacle. Qurs.are Raspberries in which the fruit 

 separates from, the receptacle; in the Blackberries the receptacle and the 

 carpels detach together. 



Stems herbaceous; prickles often wanting 1. R. americanus. 



Stems woody, very prickly . 2. R, strigosus. 



1. Rubus americanus (Pers.) Brit. Mem. Torr. Club 5: J85. 1-894. Stems 

 short, traiUng or ascending, unarmed: leaves few, of 3-5 rhombic-ovate or 

 ovate-lanceolate, doubly-serrate, thin smooth leaflets, 2-4 cm. long: peduncle 

 1-3-flowered': petals small, white: fruit small, of few red drupelets. B. tri- 

 fiorus. — Said to occur in Colorado; from northern Wyoming east to the Atlan- 

 tic. 



2. Rubus strigosus Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 297. 1803. Stems biennial, 

 woody, erect, prickly with stiff straight bristles, glandular when young, 

 somewhat glaucous: leaflets oblong-ovate, incisely serrate, whitish-pubescent 

 below, the lateral ones sessile: petals as long as the sepals: receptacle oblong: 

 frvtft hfemispherieal, light red, of excellent flavor. The Wild Red Raspberry. 

 — ^Throughout the Rocky Mountains and eastward. 



16. DASIOPHORA Raf. Shrubby Cinquefoil 



A freely branching shrub; the branchlets often slender. Leaves pinnate, 

 the small leaflets with entire margins; stipules scarious, sheathing. Calyx 

 sailver-form, with 5 bractlets alternating with the 5 sepals. Petals 5. Sta- 

 mens about 20. Style clavate, glandular upward, inserted nea,r the base of 

 the ovary; stigma large, 4-lobed. Achene densely villous, as is also the re- 

 ceptacle. — Potentilla in part. 



1. Pasiophora fruticosa (L.) Rydb. Mem. Dept. Bot. Columbia Univ. 

 2: 1*88. 1898. , A freely branched shrub, 3-10 dm. high, silky-villous: leaves 

 pinnate; leaflets 6-7, finear-lanceolate, entire, rather crowded, usually white 

 beneath and the ma,rgins re volute: flowers terniinal, cymose or solitary; 

 petals yellow, 15-25 mm- broad, longer than the ovate calyx-lobes and, bract- 

 lets, potentilla fruticosa. — Creek banks and boggy ground;, throughout the 

 Rocky Mountains and across the continent to the northward; also in Europe 

 and Asia. 



1' 17. SIBBALDIA L. 



Dwarf and caespitose arctic or alpine perennials; with thick trifoliolate stip- 

 ulate leaves and cymose flowers on scape-like nearly leafless peduncles. Leaf- 

 lets fiew-tooth,ed. at the truncate, summit. Calyx persistent, nearly flat, with 

 5 sepals and 5 bractlets. Petals 5, yellow, narrow, minute., Carpels 5-10, 

 on a dry receptacle; style lateral. , 



1. Sibbaldia procumbens L. Sp. PI. 284. 1753. Densely tufted, the creep- 

 ing stems 5-20 cm. long, leafy at the ej^tremitigs: leaflets obovate-ouneate, 

 somewhat villous: peduncles abbut equaling the leaves: petals shorter than 

 the ,^OTal,s: achenes on yery short hairy stipes. — North in the inountains from 

 Colbi-ado,' knd then Across the continent. ,: i i, i i 



18. FRAG ARIA L. Strawberry 



Acaulescent stoloniferous perennials, with palmately trifoliolate leaves 

 tufted at the base and having membranous stipules, and white cymose 



