UMBELLIFERAE (PARSNIP FAMILY) 35S 



Calyx-teeth small or obsolete. Fruit oblong or oVate, flattened laterally if at 

 all, glabrous. Carpel with all the ribs prominent and equal (intervals broad), 

 acute or sometimes slightly winged, a group of strengthening cells beneath 

 each rib; stylopodium conical; oil-tubes 2-6 (mostly 3-5) in the intervals, 

 6-10 on the commissural side. Seed with round or angled back; face from 

 plane to deeply concave, with or without a central longitudinal ridge. 



Stems more or less leafy; fruit more or less vnnged. 

 Fruit 4-5 mm. long. 



Foliage dark green; oil-tubes mostly 3 in the intervals and 6-8 



on the commissuie 1. L. simulans. 



Foliage light green; oil-tubes mostly 5 in the intervals and about 



10 on the commissure .2. L. affine. 



Fruit 6-7 mm. long. 



« Ultimate leaf-segments narrowly linear 3, L. filicinum. 



Ultimate leaf-segments not linear 4: L. Forteri. 



Stems naked or nearly so, giving an acaulescent appearance . . 5. X. tenuifolium. 



1. Ligustictan simulans C. & R. Contrib. Nat. Herb. 7: 135. 1900. Gla- 

 brous' except some slight roughness in the inflorescence; rather stout, 6-9 dm. 

 hi^h: leaves nearly all basal, varying greatly in size, temate, then once or 

 twice pinnate; segments narrowly oblong to ovate, variously toothed or lobed: 

 umbel many-rayed, with involucels of linear bractlets; rays (fruiting) 2.5^7.5 

 cm. long; pedicels 6-10 mm. long; flowers white: fruit oblong, 4-5 mm. long, 

 the ribs with narrow and very thin wings; stylopodium low-conical. — South- 

 em Wyoming. 



2. LigustictmiaffineA.Nels. Bull. Torr.Bot. Club 25: 223. 1901. Similar 

 but larger, pale green: root leaves large, bitemate and then once or twice 

 pinnate; the ultimate segments linear-oblong to lanceolate, entire .or i few- 

 toothed; stem leaves 1-3, much smaller: peduncles long, much surpassing, the 

 foliage; involucels of few linear-subulate, early deciduous bractlets: fruit ellip- 

 tic, about 5 mm. long, the ribs distinctly winged; oil-tubes usually 5 in the 

 intervals, and 10 on the commissural side; stylopodium flattened,, hemispheri- 

 cal. — In the mountains; southern Wyoming and adjacent Colorado. 



3. Ligusticum filicinum. Wats. Proc. Ain. Acad. 11: 140. 1876. .Stem 

 4-9 dm. high, more or less leafy, with glabroife inflorescence: lower leaves 

 often very large, once or twice temate, then bipinnate; the segrnents or their 

 pinnatifid divisions narrowly linear: umbel of numerous rays, with involucels 

 of one or few small linear bractlets; rays (fruiting) 2.5-5 cm. long; pedicels 

 6-10 mm. long: fruit narrowly oblong, 6-7 mm. long, with somewhat promi- 

 nent conical stylopodia, and prominent somewhat winged ribs; oil-tubtes 

 3-5 in the intervals, 6-8 on the commissural side. — Mountains of Utah and 

 extending into Wyoming and Montana. 



4. Ligusticum Porteri C. & R. Rev. N. Am. Umbel. 86. 1888. Rather 

 stout, 6-9 dm. high, leafy, with glabrous or puberulent inflorescence: leaves 

 large, bitemate then bipinnate; the numerous, rather crowded segments lan- 

 ceolate to lanceolate-ovate, laoiniately pinnatifid, toothed to entire, varying 

 greatly in the degree and character of cutting, the lobes ranging from very 

 narrow and sharp to broad and obtuse: umbel of numerous rays, mdstly 

 with neither involucre nor involucels; rays (fruiting) 2.5-5 cm. long; pedi- 

 cels 6-8 mm. long; flowers white or pinkish: fruit oblong-ovate, 6-7 mm. 

 long, with rather prominent winged ribs; stylopodium broad and low; oil- 

 tubes 4-6 in the intervals, 8-10 on the commissural side. — Throughout our 

 range. 



5. Ligusticum tenuifolium Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 293; 1879. Stem 

 slender, 3-6 dm. high, naked above the base or with a single leaf, bearing 1-3 

 glabrous umbels: leaves small, temate, then pinnately decompound, finely 

 dissected with laciniately divided leaflets, the ultimate segments narrowly 

 linear to filiform: umbel few^rayed (6-12), with involucels of 1 or 2 nari-owly 

 linear bractlets; rays about 2.5 cm. long; pedicels 4-6 mm. long; fruit oblong, 

 with narrow ribs; oil-tubes 3-5 in the intervals, 6-8 on the commissural side. — ' 

 Colorado to Idaho and Oregon. / 



