412 BORAGliSTACEAE (bOUAGE FAMILY) 



Crests in coroUa-throat short-pubescent 3, L, subdecumbens, 



• Crests in corolla-throat long-hirsute . , . . , 4. L. caerulescens. 

 Racemes, brac)beate; fruiting pedicels not deflexed. 

 Marginal prickles distinct or nearly so. 

 Prickles in one row. 

 Sepals not enlarged. , 



Stents branched above ' 5. L. erecta. 



Stems branched throughout 6. L. occideatalis, 



Sepals enlarged and reflexed 7. L, calycosa. 



Prickles in two rows. 



,1 Prickles similar; pla,nt strict 8. L. Lappula. 



Prickles dissimilar; plant spi*eading 9. li. cencnroidee. 



Marginal prickles more or less confluent, forming a cupulate 

 border to the nutlet. \ t, > 



Floriferous from the base, foliose tartfughout. 



Cup deep, margin involute , 10. L. cucuUata. 



Cup shallow, mar^in'revolute '■ . . ' . . , . 11, L. fbliofla. ' 

 Floriferous on the -branches, bractrid above ,* , , . . 12. L; heterospenna.' 



1. Lappula americana (Gray) Rydb. Bull. Toir. Bot. Club 24: 294. 1897. 

 Roughly short-pubfescent, S-i dm. high; stem simple below, slenderly and 

 divaricately branchted above: leaves oblong-lanceolate, 4-8 cm. long: racemes 

 slender arid sparsely flow'ered; the sleflder pedicels deflexed in fruit, '5-6 mm. 

 long: corolla minute; nutlets roughened-papillose on the back, a row of flat 

 prickles on the matgin. — ^Wyoming and northward. 



2. Lappula fl'oribtinda (Lehm.) Greene, Pitt; 2: 182. 1891. Hirsute- 

 pubescent; stems stout, erect, 5^8 dm. high: leaves oblong to linear-lanceolate, 

 the lowest tapering into m'argined petioles: racemes numerous, crowded,' 

 commonly geminate and in fruit rather strict: corolla rotate, blue, 7-8 

 mm. broad: fruit pyramidal, on recurved pedicels: about 6 mm. long; 

 nutlets with a flat, elongated-triangular scabrous back, the margin armed 

 with a close row of flat subulate prickles, the bases often cohfluent.— 

 Echinospermum fidiibundum Lehm.—^Rich moist ground; Western United 

 States. II. • • 



3. Lappula subdecumbens (Parry) A. Nels. Mostly soft-hirsute, some of 

 the hairs, with papillose base; stems several or many from large roots,, diffusely 

 spreading, 3-7 dm. long: leaves ample; lower oblanceolate, tapering-into a 

 margined petiole, 7-15 cm. long; upper oblong, sessile, gradually smaller and 

 bract-like: inflorescence paniculate^ at length open: corolla rotate, blue vary- 

 ing to white, 8-12 mm. broad: pedicels at length deflexed, about 5 mm. lon^, 

 equaling the fruit: marginal prickles of nutlets subulate and very flat, nearly 

 as long as the width of the dorsal disk, this beset with a few small glochidiate 

 processes. (Echinospermum Subdecumbens Parry, Proc. Davenport Acad. 1: 

 148. 1876.)^Northwestern part of our range and westward. 



4. Lappula caerulescens Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 328. 1900, 

 Stems several, ascending, 4-6 dm. high, grajdsh-strigose, simple u]p to the 

 inflorescence: basal leaves '5-10 cm. long, numerous; blade oblanceolatejob- 

 tusfe, grayish-strigose and ciliate-margined, tapering into a winged petiole; 

 stem leaves oblong, 2-5 cin. long, sessile or the upper somewhat 'dasping:' 

 inflorescence open and rather loosely flowered: calyx strigose, 2 mm. long: 

 corolla 6-10 mm. in diameter, from nearly white to sky-blue, the crests ^fith 

 some long' white hairs upon them: nutlets 3 mm. long; marginal prickleS-trf 

 two lengths, free to the base, all glochidiate; back finely muriculate and 

 usually with a central ridge .bearing, about 10 glochidiate prickles; ventral 

 surface finely rugose. — Northwestern Wyoming, Yellowstone Park, and north- 

 westward. ■ •,.',,'- I. I 



6. Lappula erecta A. Nels. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 27: 268. 1900. Annual 

 or biennial, cinereously strigose-pubescent; stems 1-5 from the crown of a 

 taproot, simple, erect, paniculately branched above, 2-4 dm. high: crown 

 leaves rosulate, small, oblanceolate, petioled; stem leaves; broadly linear, ses- 

 sile or nearly so, 1-4 cm. long: flowers smallj blue varying to wlute, crowded 

 on the. panieled branches, more open in fruit: nutlets minutely and densely 

 mmcate-tuberculate on all sides, with the murications in the median line of 

 the back a little more prominent than the others, a, single series of about 10 



