EUBiACEAE (maddeb. family) 467 



Anauals; fruit hispid or hirsute. 

 Stems rough on the angles; leaves 6-S in each \vhqrl. 

 Stems erect or ascending; fruit 2-3 mm. broad . . . , 1, G, Vaillantii. 

 Stems reclining; fruit 4-6 mm. broad . ..... 2. G. Aparine. 



Stems erect, smooth; leaves mostly in fours . ' . . . 3. G. bifolium. 



Perennials. . . 

 Stems wholly herbaceous; flowers perfect. ' 



Leaves 3-nerved; fruit canescent, becoming glabrous . • .4. G. boreale. 

 Leaves l-nerved; fruit smooth or hispiJ. 



Leaves cuspidate-pointed 6. G. triflorum. 



Leaves not cuspidate-pointed. 

 Fruit hispid with hooked hairs. 



Stems audi pedicels more or less scabrous . • - 6. G. trifiduin. 



Stems aud pedicels glabrous 7. G. Brandegei. 



Fruit merely granulate-scabrous 8. G. asperrimimi. 



Stems somewhat woody at base; flowers dioecious . . .9. G.' coloradoense, 



1. Galium Vaillantii DC. Fl. Fr. 4: 263. 1805. Stems slender, branching 

 from the base, diffuse, 3-5 dm. long, retrorsely hispid on the angles: leaves 

 6-8 in the whorl, linear-oblanceolate,' cuspidate, 1-2.5. cm. long, retrorsely 

 scabrous on the veins and margin, the axillary umbellate cymes 3-9-flowered : 

 corolla about 2 mm. in diameter, white or greenish: fruit large j more or less 

 fine-tuberculate and uncinate-hispid. — Throughout our range and westward. 



2. Galium Aparine L. Sp. PL 108. 1753. Stems coarse, recUning, 3-15 

 dm. long, introrsely hispid on the angles: leaves 6-8 in the whorls, oblancco- 

 late to almost linear, 3-5 cm. long, cuspidate-acuminate, retrorsely hispid on 

 the margin and midrib: peduncles rather long, 1-3 in the upper axils or ter- 

 minal, bearing 1-3 pedicellate flowers: corolla 2-4 mm. in diameter, whitish: 

 fruit not pendulous, rather larfee, granulate-tuberculate, the tubercleX^pped 

 ■wjth uncinate bristles. — In rich lands along streams, etc.; California to Alaska 

 and across the continent. . ' 



3. Galium bifolium Wats. Bot. King's Exp. 134. 1871., Smooth and gla- 

 brous; stems. slender, 1-3 dm. high, mostly' erect, sparingly branched: leaves 

 2-4 in the whorl, lanceolate, 8-15 mm. long, when 4 the alternate pair nitifeh 

 smaller: peduncles solitary, lateral and termiiial, naked, l-flowered, when in 

 fruit about ec^ualing the leaves, spreading: corolla minute, white: fruit small, 

 minutely hispid, recurved at the end of the peduncle. — Colorado and Wyo- 

 ming to California and Wiashington. ' 



4. Galium boreale L. 1. c. Erect, 3-6 dm. high, mostly smooth and gla- 

 brous, very leafy: leaves in fours, 3-nerved, blunt, linear to broadly lan- 

 ceolate, often with fascicles of smaller ones in the axils: flowers very numer- 

 ous and collected in a terminal and ample thyrsif orm panicle, the uppermost 

 leaves being reduced to pairs of small oblong or oval bracts: fruit small, 

 hispidtddus, or at first canescent and soon glabrous and smooth.-^ — From 

 New Mexico and Cahfomia north to the arctic regions. 



5. GaliumtriflorumMichx.Fl. 1: 80. 1803. Diffusely procumbent, smpoth- 

 ish; herbage sweet-scented in drying; stems 3-10 dm. long: leaves in sixes, 

 elliptical-lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 3-5 cm. long, scabrous or not on the 

 margins, and midrib beneath: cymes once or twice 3-rayed; pedicels soon 

 divaricate: corolla yellowish-white to greenish, the lobes hardly surpassing the 

 biistles of the' ovary. (<J. ftaviflorum Heller.) — ^Across the continent. : i , 



< '6. .Galium trifidum L. I. c. 105. Weakly erect, branching, 1-6 dm. high, 

 smooth and glabrous, except for the retrorsely scabrous angles of the stem 

 and the usually more hispidulous and sparse roughness of the midrib and 

 margins of the leaves: leaves in sixes, fives, or not rarely fours, linear, ob- 

 lanceolate, or lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, 1-2 cm. long: peduncles slender, 

 scattered, l-several-flowered; flowers often 3-merous, as commonly 4-merous: 

 fruit smooth and glabrous. — From Texas to Cahfomia, northward and east- 

 ward." 



6<f. Galium trifidum subbiflorum Wiegaild, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 24: 399. 

 1897. Stems less scabrous' than in the type, somewhat stotiter: leaves larger, 

 very unequal, 8-10 mm. by 2 mm., flaccid and nearly smooth : pedicels capillary 

 and as long as the leaves, or sometimes rather stout: rarely 2 or even 3- 

 flowered, nearly glabrous. — From our range to the Pacific. 



