480 



COMPOSITAE (composite FAMILY) 



Tribe IX. CYNAREAE 



Leaves and usually %he involucral bract^s. prickly .... 



Tribe X. CICHORIEAE 



Pappus plumose or scale-like. 

 Flowers not yellow. 

 Achenes beakleas. 



Pappus of briatle-form scales 



Pappus plumose , , 



Achenea beaked , .; , . 



Flowers yellow. 



Involucral bracts in 1 row ,; -iw, -i 'i i. i-/ ^i.^ 

 InjVolucraL bracts in 2 or more rows. 



Pappus scales unequal; achenes fusiform . . . '. 

 Pappus scales tipped with a plumose bristle; achenes linear 

 Pappus orcapillary^ bristles, never plumose. 



Pappus deciduous, all the bristles falling away together, except 



1-8 stoilt^r ones which may persist . .■'■','■ 



Pappus persistent or the bristles falling separately, 

 rfowers rose or purplish. 



Annuals . . . i' . , , , . , 



Perennials. 



' '■ Sterns ilearly leafless ,. 



Stems with ample leaves 



Flowers yell9w['l)lue, or white. 



Stems more of less leafy; heads several to many (rarely soli- 

 tary). 

 Achen^ not flattened. 



.1 'It.!' -ri Pap^ua white 



Pappus sordid or fulvous 

 Achenes flattened. ' ■' 



'•' -Involucre cylindraceous 



Involucre campanulate . J 



Stems scapose, with solitary heads. ': 

 Achenes not spinulose at apex ' 

 Achenes spinulose at apex 



91, Garduus. 



92. Cichorium* 



93. Stephaztomeria' 



94. Tragopogon. 



96. Krigia. 



96. Nothocalais. 



97. Ptilocalais. 



98. Malacothriz. 



100. Prenanthella. 



99. Lygodesmis. 



101. Preriantbes. 



102. Crepis. 



103. ffieracium. 



104. Lactuca. 

 106. Sonchus. 



106. Trozimon; 



107. Taraxacum. 



Synoptical Key to the Genera 



Series A. TUBULIFLORAE 



Corolla tubular in all the perfect flowers, regularly 5 (rarely 3-4) -lobed. 

 ligulate only in the marginal or ray-flowers, which when present are either 

 pistillate only, or neutral (with neither stamens nor pistil)^ 



Tribe I. VERWONIEAE. Heads discoid; the flowers all alike, perfect and tubular, never 

 yellow. BrantfJijes of the style long and slender, terete, thread-shaped, niinutely 

 bristly-haiiryall'^ver. Leaves alternate or scattered. 



1. Vernoniiai"^' Heads several-many-flowered, separate.' 'Involucre of many bracts. 



Pappusdouble, the inner capillary, the outer of Ininute chaffy bristles. 



Tribe II. EtJPATOHIBAE. Heads discoid; the flowers all alike, perfect arid tubular, never 



yellow. Branches of the style thickened upward or club-shaped, obtuse, very minutely 



and uniformly pubescent; the stigmatic lines indistinct. 



* Pappus of slender bristles. 



H- Achene 5-angled; bristles of the pappus roughish. 



2. Eupatprii^m. ^ Jnvolucre of more than 4 bracts and the flowers fkwor many. 



•h- 4r^Ach'ene 10-ribbed; involucral bracts striate-rierved. 



3. Kuhnia. Pappus very strongly plum.ose. Bracts of the involucre few. 



4. Brickellia. Pappus merely scabrous. Involucral bracts in several series. 



5. Liatris. ; Pappus plumose or pnlv barbellate. ,Corqlla red-purple, strongly 5-lobed. 



Heads spicate or racemose, the inyolupre >velV inibricated. , 

 Tribe in. . ASTEREAE. Heads discoid, the flowers all alike and tubular; or else radiate, the 

 outer ones ligulate and pistillate. Anthers not caudate at base. Branches of the style 

 in the perfect flowers flat, smooth. up to wh^e the conspicuous, marginal, stigmatic lines 

 abruptly terminate, and prolonged above' this into a flattened lance-shaped or tri- 

 angmar appendage which is, evenly hairy allt around or pubescent outside. Leaves 

 alternate. Receptacle naked (destitute of chaff) in all our species. 

 * Ray-flowers yellow, or sometimes none at all. 

 H- Pappus of not numerous slender bristles; heads radiate; involucre of firm bracts with 

 greenish tips, commonly coated with resin. 



6. Gutierrezia. Heads small, numerous; ray- and disk-flowers 1-10 each, all fertile. 



Pappus of several short chaffy.scales. Suffrutescent; leaves very narrow. 



7. GrindeUa. Heads large, many-flowered; flowers all fertile. Pappus of 2-8 rigid 



' caducous awns. Coarse herbs with toothed leaves. > 



-K-f-i Pappus (at. least of the disk) of, copious slender or capillary bristles. 



