522 COMPOSITAE (composite family) 



less, 3-7 cm. long: heads fuUy 12 mm. high and broad; bracts of the involucre 

 not very unequal, usually pubescent, linear, acute: rays, purple, 12-16 mm. 

 long: style-appendages linear-subulate; achenes linear, striate, glabrate below, 

 hirsute near the top. {Aater fulchellus. Eaton, Bot. King's Pxp. 143. 1871.) — 

 In the higher mountains; Wyoming and Montana to Washington. 



25. lONACTIS Greene 



Low tufted perennials, often lignescent at base, never stoloniferous or with 

 radical leaves. Stems ' clbthed equably with narrow, entire, rigid, l-nqrved 

 and veinless leaves and terminatmg in 1 or more showy heads with violfet 

 rays. Involucre of well inibricated bracts of coriaceous texture, iWthout 

 herbaceous tips, appressed even to the tips. AoheneS narrow, villous. Pap- 

 pus double, the more copious inner series bristly, the outer short' and setulose. 



1. lonactis alpina (Nutt.) Greene, Pitt! 3: 245. 1897. Puberulent and 

 somewhat cinereous; stems tufted, rigid, only 9-15 cm. high, terminated by 

 a solitary pedunculate head: leaves short, 6-12 mm. long, rigid, oblong 

 to linear or the lowest spatulate, the broader obtuse with an abrupt mucro, 

 calloas-margined: involucre broadly campanulate; the bracts! imbricated; in 

 about 3 series, scabro-puberulent, lanceolate: rays 10-12 mm. long, light 

 violet: outer pappus sometimes distinctly chaffy; Aster scopulorum. — In the 

 mountains of Montana and Wyoming and thence far westward, 



26. LEUCELENE* Greene 



Low perennials with diffusely branching leafy stems from a slender lig- 

 neous base. Leaves numerous, subulate and appressed, or more spreading 

 and nearly linear. Heads small, solitary, and terminal upoli the nearly fill-' 

 form ultimate branchlets. Involucres turbinate, imbricated; the bracts 

 narrow, nearly plane, herbaceous but with narrow, scarious margins.'. Rays 

 and disk both white or the formet reddish or at leafet^ often turning red in 

 drying^ Disk-coroUas tubular-funnelfonh, 5-toothed but not deeply so; style- 

 . tips ovate,' acutish. Achenes long and slender, manifestly compressed, hir- 

 sutulous. Pappus a single series of long and slender, scabrous, bright-white 

 bristles. ' ' , , : 



1. Leucelene ericoides (Torr.) Greene, Pitt. 3: 148. 1896. Usually only 

 8-14 cm. high, canescent and glandular-spajbrous, much branched; branches 

 erect or diffuse, terminated by somewhat pedunculate heads: leaves commonly 

 hispidrciliatCj; erect or little spreading, 6-12 mm. long; the lowest spatulste and 

 tapering into a petiole; the upper linear to nearly filiform: bracts of the in- 

 volucre in about 3 series> rlanceolate, acute or ^piculate, thinnish, scarious^ 

 margined: rg,ys white or sometimes rose-color. Aster ericaefoUus. — ^Dry hills; 

 Wyoming, and Utah to Kansas and Texas. 



27. ERIGERON L. Flbabane. Erigebon 



Branching or scapose herbs, with alternate or basal leaves, and corymbose, 

 paniculate, or solitary pedunculate heads of both tubular and radiate (rarely 

 all tubular) flowers. Involucre hemispheric or campanulate; the bracts nar- 

 row, nearly equal, imbricated in but 1 or 2 series in our species. Receptacle 

 nearly fiat, usually naked. Ray-flowers, in, our speoies, white, violet, or purple, 

 or rarely yellow, pistillate; disk-flowra's yellow, tubular, perfect, the .corollas 

 mostly 5-lobed. Anthers obtuse and entire at the base. Style-branches more 

 or less flattened, the, appendages short, mostly rounded or obtuse. Achenes 

 flattened, usually nerved. Pappus-bristles fragile, slender, scabrous or den- 

 ticulate, in 1 series, or often an additional outer shorter series. 



* This genus is essentially monotyi)ic. Several species have been proposed but they rest 

 on characters shading imperceptibly , into each other. These species are L. arenosa Heller, 

 Cat. N. A. Plants 8. 1900 {Aster ericaefoVkus tenuis Gray); L: alsinoides Greene, Pitt. 

 4; 99. 1899: L. hirtella Rydb. (Diptopappws ericaefoUus hirtella Gray); and L. serotina 

 Rydh. (L. ericoides serolina Gre,esne),, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 33: 153. 1906. ■ \, 



