COMPUSITAB (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 54o 



with dentate margins and often incised or lobed, on long petioles: fruiting 

 involucre about 20-25 mm. long, densely beset with rather long prickles, the 

 2 stout bekks at maturity usually' hooked or incurved, the surface and base of 

 the prickles more or less hispid.' X. canatdense. {X. commune firit. Man. 

 912. 1901.) — A troublesome weed in waste and cultivated ground. 



45. CRASSINA SCepin 



With opposite and mostly entire sessile leaves and single showy heads ter- 

 minating the branches; in ours t}i,e leaves are narrow and rigid, connate-sessile 

 and crowded, and the achenes 2-4-aristate. Involucre caihpanulate or'cylin- 

 draceous; the closely appressed-imbricated bracts dry and firm, broad, with 

 rounded summit often margined. Receptacle becoming conical or cylin- 

 draceousj the chaffy bracts condviplicate around the disk-flowers.' Lobes 

 of the disk-corolla mostly velvety- villous. Pappus when present of erect awns 

 or chaffy teeth.— 2mni(j^ , 



1. Crassina grandiflora (Nutt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 331. 1891. Sca- 

 brous; stems or branches 15 cm. or more high from a stout woody base: leaves 

 linear, 3-nerved at base: involucre iiarrow,'8 mm. long: ligules 4 or 5, at ma- 

 turity 10-16 mm. long,| dilated-obovate or roundish, light yellow or sulphur- 

 color, becoming white.— Plains and blufl's; Eastern Colorado to Texas' and 

 Arizona. ' , ■ 



46. HELIOPSIS Pars. 



With Ibosely branching stems, veiny and mostly serrate 3-ribbed leaves on 

 naked petioles, and pedimculate showy heads with numerous yellow rays. 

 Involucre short, of' nearly equal oblong- or lanceolate bracts. Receptacle from 

 high-convex to conical; the pointless chaffy'bracts pa,rtly embracing the disk- 

 flowers. Ligules large; disk-corollas glabrous. Achenes obtusely 4-angular, 

 with broad truncate summit, wholly destitute of pappus or of 2-4 teeth or a 

 coroniform border. 



1. Heliopsis scabra Dunal, Mem. Mus. Par. 5: 54. 1819. HispidulousT 

 scabrous, especially the leaves, 5-10 dm. high: leaves broadly ovate aiid 

 subcordate to ovate-lanceolate,- the upper occasionally entire: rays oblong, 

 2-3 cm. in length: achenes smooth, but the angles above pubescent when 

 young,, the suniniii usually bearing an obscure or evident and irregular coron- 

 iform chaff y pappus, or sometimes 2 or .5 conispicuous and rigid teeth. H. 

 laevis. — Frequent eastward; rare in the eastern part of our range. 



J, ,' , 47. BRAUNERIA Necker 



Perennial herbs, with rather stout erect stems, undivided leaves, the lower 

 lorig-petioled, and solitary large heads on long peduncles terminating the 

 stein and few brahches. Rays flesh-color to rose-purple, elongating with age. 

 Involucre imbricated ih 2 or 3 6i more series; the bracts lanceolate. Disk at 

 first only cphvex, becotniiig ovoid and the receptacle acutely' conical; chaffy 

 bracts' of the. latter persistent, carinat'e-concave, acuminate into a rigid and 

 spinescent'cusp. Disk-corollas cylindraceous, with; 5 erect teeth and almost 

 no proper tube; ' 4^chehes stcut'ely quadrangular, somewhat obpyrarhidal, \<'ith' 

 a'thick 'coroniform pap'pus more or less extended into triangular teeth at the 

 angleU'.— Echinacea. ■ ' ' -■ . : 



1. iBrauneria angustifolia (DC.) Heller,' Muhl. 1: 5. 1900. Hispid, 3t^5 

 dm. high, mostly simple: leaves broadly lanceolate to nearly linear, entire,, 

 3-nerrved; all attenuate at base, , the lower into slender petioles: bracts of the 

 involucre in only about 2 series. — Within the eastern limit of our range and 

 extending eastward. * , 



