COMPOSITAE (composite pamily) 547 



long: achenes 7-8 mm. long, either prismatic-quadrangular or flattish, 12- 

 nerved: pappus sometimes minute, chaffy coroniform and cleft into few or 

 several teeth. — ^Yellowstone Park and Montana to Oregon. 



2. Wyethia amplexicaulis Nutt. 1. c. Stems 3-5 cm. high, robust: leaves 

 mostly ianceolate-oblong, entire or denticulate; the radical often 3-4 dm. long; 

 the upper cauUne partly clasping by a rounded or somewhat narrowed base: 

 heads soUtary or several, short-peduncled; involucral bracts broadly lanceo- 

 late, 1 or 2 outer ones occasionally foliaceous and larger: rays about 4 cm. 

 long: achenes with a conspicuous crown cleft into acute teeth, and sometimes 

 a. small awn. — Called " Pe-ik " by the Indians; from Colorado to Montana and 

 British Columbia. 



3. Wyethia arizonica Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 655. 1873. Hirsutely 

 pubescent, 3 dm. high, bearing a single or few heads: leaves oblong-lanceolate, 

 tapering to both ends, or the upper and sessile cauline broader:. involucre of 

 rather foliaceous and erect bracts: rays 8-12: pappus a very narrow crown, 

 extended into 3' or 4 stout subulate teeth, or into 1 or 2 short awns. — Colorado 

 to Utah and Arizona. 



4. Wyethia scabra Hook. Lond^ Jouto. Bot. 6: 245. 1847. Very scabrous, 

 3-5 dm. high, rigid: cauline leaves linear, thick, 10-15 cm. wide, sessile, 

 attenuate-acute: involucral bracts imbricated in 3 or 4 series, all the outer 

 with an appressed base, which is acuminate into a longer, subulate, filiform, 

 spreading, very hispid-scabrous appendage: rays several, 10-14 mm. long: 

 achenes acutely angled, the 3 or 4 angles extended into a pappus of as many 

 short blunt teeth, which are barely confluent at base. — New Mexico and 

 Colorado to Utah and Wyoming. 



53. HELIANTHUS L., Stoplower 



Annual or perennial caulfescent herbs. Leaves alternate or opposite;' blades 

 simple, entire or toothed." Heads conspicuous. Involucres flat or hemispheric; 

 bracts in several series, fleshy or leathery. Receptacle flat, convex or conic, 

 chaffy. Ray-flowers neutral; Ugules yellow; disk-flowers perfect; corollas 

 brownish or purple. Stigmas with pubescent appendages. Achenes flattened 

 or somewhat 4-angled. Pappus of 2 awns or scales, and these sometimes 

 accompanied by 2-4 shorter ones, all early deciduous. 



Plants annual; receptacle flat or nearly so. 



At least the lower leaves broadly ovate, and more or less cordate 1. H. annuus. 

 Leaves ovate-lanceolate to narrowly oblong-lanceolate . . 2. H. petiolaris. 

 Plants perennial; receptacle more or less convex. 

 Disk-flowers purple or brown. 



Leaves linear 3. H. orgyalis. 



Leaves ovate to lanceolate , . . . . . . 4. H. scaberrimus. 



Disk-flowers yellow or yellowish. 



AU the leaves opposite (except the few foliar bracts); roots not 

 . |,,,, thickened-tuberiforra '....... 5. H. pumilus. 



Some or many of the upper leaves alternate; the roots more or 

 less fasciculate-thickened. 

 Stem and leaves scabrous .... . , 6. H. Maximihanus. 



Stem smooth or nearly so, often gliaucous. 



Leaves usually coarsely toothed, -more or less pubescent 



(not scabrous) beneath . . . , , , 7. H. grosse-serratus. 

 Leaves entire or denticulate, glabrate or scabrous beneath 8. H. Nuttallii. 



1. Helianthus annuus L. Sp. PI. 904. 1753. Annual, markedly pubescent; 

 stem hispid or hirsute, 1-2 m. high, branched above: leaves mainly alternate; 

 blades broadly ovate, 7-30 cm. long, or smaller above, usually slightly acumi- 

 nate at the apex, decidedly toothed, those of the lower leaves cordate at the 

 base, those of the upper cuneate: bracts of the involucre ovate to oblong or 

 oblong-lanceolate, long-acuminate, hirsute: ligules of the ray-flowers 2-4 cm. 

 long: disk flat, 3-5 cm. broad. (H. lenticularis Dougl.) — ^From the mountains 

 to the Mississippi; many forms (often very large) in cultivation. 



2. Helianthus petiolaris Nutt. Journ, Acad. Phila. 2: 115. 1812. Stem 

 2-6 dm. high, branching, strigose-liispidulous, rarely hirsute: leaves oblong- 



