548 COMPOSITAE (composite family) 



lanceolate br ovate-lanceolate, entire or sparingly denticulate, 3-8 cm. long, 

 cuneately attenuate or the lower abruptly contracted into a long :and slender 

 petiole: bracts of the involucre lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, with acute 

 and inucronate or sometimes more atteiauate tips, canescent or sometitties 

 ciliate: disk- 12-15 mm. in diameter. ' {H. aridus Rydb. Bull. Torri' Bot. Club 

 32: 127. 1895.) — Range about the same as the last. 



3. Helianthus orgyalis DC. Prodr. 5: 586. 1836. Stem smooth and gla- 

 brous, 4-15 dm. high, very leafy to' the top; leaves mostly alternates from 

 long-liiifear, 1-3 dm. long, 4-8 mm. wide (or -the lowest lanceolate), to almost 

 filiform, slightly papillose-scabrous, the lower narrowed into a petiole and 

 sometimes serrulate: bracts of the involucre filiform-attenuate; those of the 

 receptacle, entire: achenes oblohg-obovate with a rounded summit, 5-6 mm. 

 long. — Dry plairis; Nebraska to Texas, west to southeast Colorado. 



4. Helianthus scaberrimus Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 423. 1824. Stem 3-12 

 dm: high, rigid, sparingly branched: leaves verjr firm-coriaceous and thick, 

 both sides hispiduloua-scabrous, shagreen-like, entire or serrate; the lower ovate 

 acd ovate-lanceolate, attenuate at base into short- winged petioles; the ujjper 

 mostly lanceolate": heads comparatively large, showy: disk 15-18 mm. high, 

 dark purple or brownish; involucre pluriserially imbricated; the bracts mainly 

 ovate, obtuse or acutish, rigid, appressed, densely and minutely ciliate. 

 H.rigidus. (i?. sMfer^mfcoi'deiis Rydb;Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 419. 1900.) 

 — Plains and prairies; Montana to Colorado and Georgia. 



■ 5. Helianthus' pumilus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 366. 1841. Hispid 

 arid scabrous throughout; stems simple, 3-6 dm. high, bearing 5-7 pairs of 

 leaves and a few rather short-peduncled heads: leaves mostly broadly ovate- 

 lanceolate, acute, entire or nearly so, 4-10 cm. long, rigid, abruptly contracted 

 at base into a short-margined petiole: involucre about 12 mm. high, white- 

 hirsute or scabro-hispidulous; the bracts imTaricated in about 3 series, oblong- 

 lanceolate,, acutish: disk yellow. — rEastern Rocky .j^ountains and adjacent 

 plaiffls, from Wyoming and Colorado to Nebrask^a°d Kansas. 



6. Helianthus Maxunilianus Schrad. Ind. Sem. Hort. Goett, 1S35. His- 

 pidulous-scabrous; stem stout, 4^0 dm. high, below mostly rough-hispid: 

 leaves > almost all alternate, thickish, becoming rigid, very scabrous above, 

 lanceolate, acute or acuminate at both ends, mostly subsessile, all entire pr 

 sparingly denticulate: involucre of more rigid bracts: rays numerpuSj, often 

 3—4 cm. long, golden-yellow. — Prairies and plains west of the Mississippi, and 

 from the Saskatchewan to Texas. 



7. Helianthus grosse-serratus Martens Sel, Sem. Hort, Lbyen. 1839. Stem 

 very smooth and glabrous, commonly glaucous, 1-2 m. high, bearing nur 

 merous rather cymosely disposed and short-peduncled heads: leaves slender- 

 petioled, thinnish, oblong-lanceolate or narrower, or some of the cauline 

 almost deltoid-lanceolate, gradually acuminate, sharply serrate, or upper 

 merely denticulate, slightly scabrous above, whitish and soft-puberulent 

 beneath; the larger cauline commonly 1-2 dm. and the petiole 3-5 cm. long: 

 the deep yellow oblong rays 2-3 cm. long. — ^Dry plains; from Texas to Dakota 

 and as far east as Ohio. 



8. Helianthus Nuttallii T. & G. Fl. 2: 324. 1842. Ropts fleshy, fascicled 

 or variously branched, mostly fusiform, often, nearly 1, dm. long; stems gen- 

 erally solitary, 'simple below, branched above, 1 m. (more or. less) Mgh, gla- 

 brous, striate: lower leayess opposite, 7-15 cm. long, all lanceolate, the .upper- 

 most narrowly so, with short, sparse, inctirved, hispid hairs: peduncles pubes- 

 cent, slender, those from the lower axils pften much elongated: involucre 

 hemispherical; the bracts linear-lanceolate, white-ciliate-pubescent on the 

 margins, 10-15 mm. long, the lopse acuminate tips often reflexed: rays usually 

 14-18, 25-30 mm. long, narrowly oblong: disk yellowish-brbwh, 1 cm. high 

 apd fully as brpad : chaff oblong, acute, pubescent on the brownish tip : achenes 

 oblong, brown, 4 mm. long, nearly as long as the corollas; pappus of 2 linear- 

 lanceolate awns as long as the achenes. (H. fascicidaris Greene, PI. Baker^ 

 '3: 28. 1901; H. utahensis A. Nels. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 29: 405. 1902.)— 

 Throughout our range to Oregon and British Columbia. 



