562 COMPOSITAE (composite family) 



dm. high, leafy, bearing several or sometimes only a solitary large head: leaves 

 thickish, oblong-lanceolate, or the lower spatulate with long tapering base: 

 rays becoming 2-3 cm. long, tardily reflexed: disk 12-16 mm. high, hemispher- 

 ical: scales of the pappus ovate-lanceolate, long-attenuate-acuminate, a little 

 shorter than the corolla. Helenium Hoopesii. — In the mountains; Wyoming 

 to New Mexico and Arizona. 



2. Dugaldia helenioides (Rydb.) A. Nels. A comparatively tall, finely 



Eubescent plant with apparently only biennial root; stem leafy, about 5 dm. 

 igh, with several to many erect branches: leaves rather firm, distinctly 

 ribbed, finely pubescent; the lower petioled, entire, very narrowly linear- 

 oblanceolate; middle stem leaves erect, fully 1 dm. long, parted into 3-5 

 linear divisions; upper stem leaves linear, entire: heads corymbose; involucre 

 somewhat tomentose, 8-10 mm. high and often 15 mm. broad; outer bracts 

 lanceolate, longer than the inner, 14-18; rays orange, about 1 cm. long: 

 achenes silky; scales of the pappus broadly lanceolate, acuminate. , {Picra- 

 denia helenioides Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 28: 21. 1901.)— Type locality 

 only, Sangre deCristo Creek, Colorado. 



76. HELENIUM L. Sneezeweed 



Herbs, with alternate simple leaves, commonly decurrent, resinous- 

 atomiferous and pimctate, and pedunculate heads of yellow flowers. Bracts 

 of the involucre spreading, subulate or linear. Rays fertile or sterile, rarely 

 none; disk-corollas with 4-5-toothed limb; the teeth obtuse, glandular- 

 pubescent. Pappus usually of 5 or 6 thin scarious scales. 



1. Helenium autumnale L. Sp. PI. 866. 1753. Perennial; stem puberulent 

 or glabrous, rather stout, narrowly winged by the decurrent bases of the 

 leaves, corymbosely branched above, 3-10 dm. high: leaves firm, acuminate 

 or acute at apex, narrowed to the sessile base, pinnately few-veined, 5-12 cm. 

 long, 0.5-5 cm. wide, green: heads numerous, 3-5 cm. broad, borne on long 

 puberulent peduncles; bracts of the flattisn involucre densely canescent, 

 linear-lanceolate: rays 10-18, drooping, bright yellow, 3-cleft: achenes pubes- 

 cent on the angles; pappus-scales ovate, acuminate or aristate, often lac- 

 erate or toothed. (H. montanum Nutt. differs only in being lower, somewhat 

 puberulent, paler, and the heads more crowded-corymbose.) — Wet lands; 

 from Arizona to British Columbia and eastward across the continent. 



76. FLAVERIA Juss. 



Glabrous herbs with small and fascicled or glomerate heads of yellowish or 

 yellow flowers and opposite sessile leaves. Heads l-several-flowered; the, 

 flowers all fertile, homogamous and tubular, or 1 pistillate and short-ligiilate. 

 Disk-corollas 6-toothed. Involucre of 2-5 mostly carinate-concave bracts. 

 Pappus none. Achenes mostly smooth and glabrous. 



1. Flaveria angustifolia (Cav.) Pers. Syn. 2: 489. 1807. Erect, 2-5 dm. 

 high: leaves linear to lanceolate, serrulate or entire, sessile by broadish or 

 httle contracted base: heads in subsessile or short-pedunculate or leafy- 

 involucrate, chiefly terminal glomerules; involucre mostly of 3 bracts, 3.-5- 

 flowered or some only 2-flowered. — Alkaline soil; eastern Colorado and New 

 Mexico to western Texas. 



77. GAiLLARDIA Foug. 



Herbs with alternate leaves and ample showy heads on terminal pe- 

 duncles. Ours are more or less pubescent or hirsute and leafy-stemmed, with 

 yellow rays and disk-flowers apt to turn brown, villous achenes, and scales 

 of the pappus slender-awned. Involucre broad; the bracts in 2 or 3 series, 

 hirsute; receptacle with setiform or subulate-setaceous fimbriUae throughout. 



