Grebes and Loons. 
{. Western Grebe; Swan Grebe (£chmophorus oc- 
cidentalis). LL. 26. Ads., summer. Crown and _hind- 
neck black; back grayish brown; sides of head and un- 
der parts white. W/enter. Crown and hindneck like 
back. Notes. A loud, rattling, grating whistle. 
Range.—Western North America; in summer eastward to Shoal 
ke, Manitoba; northward to southern Alaska; breeds locally from 
northern California‘and North Dakota northward; winters from British 
Columbia to Central Mexico. 
4 
“7. Loon (Gavia imber). L.. 32. Ads., summer. 
Above, including whole neck, glossy black; throat and 
neck with white streaks; back and wings with white 
spots or bars; belly white. Winter Above blackish 
margined with grayish; no white spots; below white. 
Notes. A loud, maniacal taugh. 
Range.—Northern hemisphere; in North America, breeds from 
Maine, northern Illinois, Minnesota, and northern California north to 
Greenland and Alaska; winters from about southern limit of breeding 
range south to Gulf of Mexico, chiefly on coasts. 
8. Yellow-billed Loon (Gavia adamsii). L. 36. 
Similar to No. 7, but larger and bill yellowish or whitish. 
Notes. Similar to those of No. 7, but harsher. (Murdoch.) 
Range.—‘‘Arctic America west of Hudson Bay, and northern Asia; 
casual in northern Europe.’’ (A. O. U.) 
9. Black-throated Loon (Gavia arcticus). L. 27; 
W. 12. Ads., summer. Foreneck and back bluish 
black; throat, neck, and back streaked or barred with 
white; crown and nape gray; belly white. Winter. 
Similar to No. 7, but smaller. Notes. A dismal ‘‘too- 
too-e-e.’’ (Turner. ) 
Renee = Nother part of northern hemisphere; in America breeds 
from Hudson Bay north to Arctic coast; winters south to British Col- 
umbia, the Great Lakes and, casually, to Long Island. 
10. Pacific Loon (Gavia pacificus). Similar to No. 
9, but foreneck in summer reflecting deep blue or green; 
hindneck paler; smaller, W. 11. Notes. A harsh ‘‘zok, 
kok, kok.”’ (Murdoch.) 
Range.—Western North Amerlca; breeds at Point Barrow, Alaska, 
and eastward; winters south along Pacific Coast to Mexico. 
{f. Red-throated Loon (Gavia lumme). L.25. Ads., 
summer. Foreneck chestnut, head and neck ashy. 
Winter. Similar to No. 7, in winter, but back spotted 
with white. Notes. A harsh ‘“‘gr-r ga, gr-r, gr-r-ga, 
gr-r.”” (Nelson. ) 
Range.—Northern part of northern hemisphere; in North America 
breeds from New Brunswick to Greenland and Hudson Bay, and 
northwest to Alaska; winters south to South Carolina and southern 
California. 
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