Grouse and Ptarmigan. 
“ 300. Ruffed Grouse; ‘Partridge;’ ‘Pheasant’ (Bon- 
asa wmbellus). L. 17. Ad. . Prevailing color 
above rusty brown; tail rusty or gray. Ad. 9. Sim- 
ilar but neck-tufts smaller. Notes. The male pro- 
duces a drumming sound by rapidly beating its wings; 
the female utters a cluck and when defending her brood, 
a singular low whining sound. 
Range.—Eastern United States from Minnesota, southern Ontario, 
southern New Hampshire and southern Vermont, south to Virginia 
and along the Alleghanies to Georgia; west to northwestern Arkansas. 
306a. Canadian Ruffed Grouse (8. u. togata). 
Similar to No. 300, but slightly grayer above; tail 
generally gray; bars on breast and belly darker and 
better defined. 
Range.—Spruce forests of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Maine, 
northern New Hampshire, northern Vermont and south to higher 
mountains of Massachusetts and northern New York; west to eastern 
slope of coast ranges of Oregon, Washington and British Columbia; 
north to James Bay. 
300b. Gray Ruffed Grouse (B. u.  wumbelloides). 
Similar to No. 300a, but grayer; prevailing color of 
upper-parts, including crown, gray; tail always gray. 
Range.—Rocky Mountains, from Colorado north to latitude 65° In 
Alaska, east to Mackenzie and poplar woods of western Manitoba. 
300c. Oregon Ruffed Grouse (B. u. sabini) Sim- 
ilar to No. 300, but much darker, prevailing color of 
upper parts rusty brown; tail always rusty brown. 
Range.—Pacific coast ranges from Cape Mendocino, California, 
north to British Columbia. 
* 304.2? White-tailed Ptarmigan (Lagopus leucurus). 
L. 13. Tail white. Ad. co, Summer. Breast barred, 
black and white. Ad. 9, Summer. Above black 
barred with rich buff; below rich buff barred with 
black. Ads., Fall. Above and breast rich buff fine- 
ly vermiculated with black. Ads., Winter. Entirely 
white. Notes. Whenabout to fly and at the begin- 
ing of flight a sharp cackle like that of a frightened 
hen. (Grinnell.) 
Range.—‘‘Alpine summits of Rocky Mountains; south to New 
Mexico; north into British’ America (as far as Fort Halkett, Liard 
River); west to higher ranges of Oregon, Washington, and British 
Columbia.’ (Bendire.) 
304a.? Kenai White-tailed Ptarmigan (L. 1. penzn- 
sularis). Similar to No. 304, but in summer buff 
markings much paler; in fall, colors much grayer. 
Range.—Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. 
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