Perching Birds Marked With Red. © 
“ 498. Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius pheniceus). 
L. of, 9.5; W. 4.7; B. .88; depth at base, .5. Ad. ¢. 
Black, in winter more or less tipped with rusty; lesser 
wing-coverts scarlet; median wing-coverts buff, tips in 
summer whitish. 4d. 92. Above brownish black, 
widely margined with buffy and rusty; below whitish 
heavily streaked with black; throat tinged with orange 
or yellow; lesser wing-coverts tinged with red. Yng. 
co. Similar to Ad. (, but heavily margined with rusty 
above and less so below; lesser wing-coverts duller and 
narrowly edged with black. Notes. Call, chat, chick, 
areedy cack; song, a chorus song, aliquid Aong-quér-réé; 
alarm note a shrill chee-e-e-e-e. The notes of this species 
are subject to much variation with locality, but I find 
it impossible to express on paper differences perfectly 
apparent when heard. 
Range.—Eastern North America; breeds from Gulf of Mexico north 
to New Brunswick and Manitoba; winters from Virginia and southern 
Illinois southward. 
498a. Sonoran Red-wing (A. pf. sonoriensis). Sim- 
ilar to No. 498, but larger, bill more slender; @ paler, 
sucelsine below browner. W. Q, 4.8; B .95; depth at 
ase .5. 
Range.—Lower Colorado Valley in California and Arizona, southern 
Arizona and south over coast plain of Sonora; Cape St. Lucas. 
498b. Bahaman Red-wing (4. p. brvanti). Simi- 
lar to No. 498, but bill slightly longer, the female 
streaked below with brownish instead of black. 
Range.—Bahamas and southern Florida. 
498c. Florida Red-wing (4. p. floridanus). Simi- 
lar to No. 498, but smaller, the bill longer and more 
slender; g', W. 4.2; B. .9; depth at base .4. 
Range.—Florida, except extreme southern portion; west along 
Gulf coast to Texas. 
498d. Thick-billed Red-wing (A. p. fortis). Simi- 
lar to No. 498, but larger, bill shorter and proportion- 
ately thicker. W. 5; B. .8; depth at base .5. 
Range.—Breeds on Mackenzie River, Athabasca, and other Interior 
districts of British America; during migrations Great Plains, from 
Rockies to Minnesota, lowa, western Illinois, northern Kentucky, and 
southwest to western Texas and Arizona. (Ridgway.) 
498e. San Diego Red-wing (4. p. neutralis). Sim- 
ilarto No. 498a, but slightly smaller, the 2 with 
streaks below wider. W. 4.7; B. .95; depth at base .5. 
Range.—Great Basin region from southern British Columbia south 
to Mexico, western Texas, to southern California and northern Lower 
California; in winter as far east as Brownsville, Texas. (Ridgway.) 
498f. Northwestern Red-wing (4. 9. caurinum). 
Similar to No. 498, but slightly larger, bill somewhat 
longer and more slender, the 2 with median wing- 
coverts deeper buff, the 2 much darker, streaks be- 
low wider, darkest 2 of group. W. 4.8; B..9; depth 
at base .45. 
Range.—Pacific coast from north California to British Columbia; 
south in winter to southern California. 
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