Perching Birds Chiefly Dull Colored. 
466. Traill Flycatcher (Empzdonax trail’). Simi- 
lar to No. 466a, but upperparts browner with little if 
any real greenish tinge; bill averaging narrower, 
Range.—Western United States; breeds from western Texas and 
southern California north to Alaska and Great Slave Lake, east to 
Kansas, Missouri and Illinois; winters in the tropics. 
466a. Alder Flycatcher (£. 7. alnorum). L. 6.13 
W. 2.8. Ads. Lower mandible horn color; below 
white, breast grayish; breast and sides taintly washed 
with yellow; above brownzsh olive-green; wing-bars 
usually buffy. Like No. 467, but larger. Notes. 
Pep of alarm, and an explosive éé-7éé-e-i with stress 
on the rasping 7éé. (Dwight.) 
Range.—Eastern United States, west to Michigan; breeds from 
northern New Jersey (rarely) north to New Brunswick; winters in the 
tropics. 
467. Least Flycatcher (Empidonax minimus). L. 
5.4; W. 2.5. Ads. Similar in color to No. 466a, but 
smaller, tail slightly forked. Yxg. Wing-bars more 
buffy. Notes. a vigorous chebec, chebec; rarely a flight 
song, ‘‘chebec, tooral-ooral.”’ 
Range.—Eastern North America, west to western Texas and east- 
ern Colorado; breeds from Pennsylvania (North Carolina, in the Alle- 
hanies) north to New Brunswick and Great Slave Lake; winters in 
entral America. 
‘468. Hammond Flycatcher (Empidonax hammondi). 
L.5.5. Ads. Bill smallest of our Empidonaces, lower 
mandible brown; throat and breast grayish, breast and 
belly slightly washed with sulphur; above grayish with 
a slight olive tint. Like No. 467, but bill smaller, 
lower mandible browner, throat grayer. 
Range.— Western North America; breeds from the mountains of 
New Mexico, Arizona, and southern Athabasca, east to Colorado; 
winters in Mexico. 
469. Wright Flycatcher (Emp:donax wrighti). 
Similar to No. 468, but underparts whiter; bill much 
longer, longest and narrowest of our Empzdonaces; 
lower mandible whitish at base, brownish at tip; outer 
web of outer tail-feather white. 
Range.—Western United States, east to eastern slope oi Rockies; 
breeds from mountains of New Mexico, Arizona, and southern Cal- 
{fornia north to Montana and southern Oregon; winters in Mexico. 
469.1. Gray Flycatcher (Emp:donax griseus). L. 
6. Ads. Above gray with a slight brownish tinge; 
below grayish white with little or no yellow. Grayest 
of our Empidonaces. 
Range.— Western Mexico and Lower California north to southern 
California and Arizona, (Fort Verde.) 
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