Varieties of the Dog. 17 
Fore-arm immense ; shanks and hind legs well developed 
in bone, and clothed with strong muscles. Value, 10. 
The stern should be set low (it is generally docked, but 
not always ; if docked, it is left fully 11 in. long). It is 
carried low and is tufted at its extremity, but not to the 
same extent. Value, 10. 
The colour must be a true lemon, the paler the better. 
Orange is often thrown, but is objectionable. Any other 
colour is a mark of impurity. The texture of coat is soft, 
shiny, silky, and nearly straight. Value, 10. 
These dogs last many years, and seldom give up work 
till incapacitated by old age or disease. 
The Norfolk Spaniel differs chiefly in length and 
colour from the Clumber, being shorter and of various 
shades of black, liver, and yellow, more or less mixed 
with white. There are no positive signs by which he 
may be distinguished from the various mixed breeds of 
springers found throughout the country. 
The Cocker is a much smaller dog than the springer, 
seldom exceeding 18 Ibs. in weight for bitches, and 25 lbs. 
for dogs. He is much more active than the springer, and 
of any colour more or less marked with white. The 
Devonshire and Welsh cocker are, however, of a deep 
liver-colour, without white, and closely resemble each 
other in other respects. They are nearly mute, but 
whimper slightly on a scent, and when well broken they 
distinguish each kind of game by the note they give out, 
especially the woodcock, of which they are particularly 
fond. The head of the cocker should be round and of a 
medium length. It should not be square, like that of a 
Clumber spaniel or Sussex spaniel. The muzzle should 
neither be snipy nor pointed. It should be wide and 
well developed, and should taper slightly close to the end. 
The forehead should take a sudden rise from the top end 
of the muzzle, near the eye, into a finely-arched skull, 
with a somewhat knotty or jutting occiput, resembling the 
occiput of a bloodhound. The eye should be of a medium 
size, not too full (which would indicate a cross with the 
King Charles spaniel), but should have a gentle, and at 
the same time a “knowing” expression. The ears should 
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