64 Useful Companions of Man. 
baiting is interdicted by act of parliament, the use of the 
bulldog is confined to the improvement in courage of 
other breeds, by crossing with them, and in this way the 
greyhound is supposed to have been brought to perfection 
by Lord Orford and Mr. Etwall in England, and by Mr. 
Raimes in Scotland, but a later experiment made by Mr. 
Hanly has been entirely unsuccessful. The cross with 
the terrier is an excellent one for general purposes, as I. 
shall presently show. 
The Zoints of the bulldog are as follows, though there 
is some difference of opinion upon certain of them. The — 
skull should be large,.and high, and broad, the cheeks 
extending prominently beyond the eyes, and the forehead 
should be well creased or wrinkled, and flat. The eyes 
should be black and round, not very large, situated in 
front of the head, wide apart, and neither prominent nor 
deeply set, the corners at right angles with a line drawn 
down the centre of the face. The stop (which is an in- 
dentation between the eyes) should extend up the face 
for a considerable length. The face as short as possible 
from the front of the cheek-bone to the end of the nose— 
deeply wrinkled. The muzzle should turn up. The 
chop—that is, the fleshy part of the muzzle—should be 
broad and deep, and. should perfectly cover the teeth. 
The nose should be large and black. The lower jaw 
should project, and the nose should be set well back, and 
the lower jaw should turn upwards. The neck moderately 
long, well arched, with a good dewlap. The ears should 
be small and on the top of the head. Three descriptions 
of ear are permitted, called “rose,” “button,” and “tulip.” 
The rose ears fold at the back ; the tip laps over outwards, 
exposing part of the inside; the button ear falls in front, 
hiding the interior completely; the tulip ear is quite erect, 
and is allowed to be an undesirable form. Skull, 25; 
ears, 5; eyes, 5; “stop,” 5; shortness of face, 5; chop, 
5 3; nose and jaws, 5; neck, 5. 
The chest should be wide and deep, the back short, 
wide across the shoulders, and not so wide across the 
“loins; ribs round. There should be a slight fall behind 
the shoulders, and the spine should rise at the loins, 
