122 Materia Medica. 
and sulphuric ether, of each 1 to 2 drms.; gruel, 3 to 6 
ozs. Mix, and use as required by means of an enema 
syringe. 
Aperients.—Aperients are mild, gentle purges. They 
are also known as /axatives; and when required in 
powerful form are termed cathartics. 
‘1. A Mild Oleaginous Purge.—Castor oil, 4 drms. to 
1} fluid oz. N.B.—For young dogs equal parts of castor. 
and linseed oil forms the best purgative. 
2. Castor Oil Mixture—Castor oil, 3 parts; syrup of 
buckthorn, 2 parts ; syrup of white poppies, 1 part. Dose, 
1 dessert to 1 tablespoonful. Shake well before adminis- 
tration. 
3. Active Aperient—Powdered jalap, 1 to 3 or 4 
scruples ; calomel 4 to 2 grs. 
4. Blue, or Liver Pill.—Blue pill, 5 grs.; powdered 
colchicum, 6 grs.; extract of colocyntb, 10 grs. Full 
dose. 
5. Liver Pill, No. 2.—Blue pill, 5 grs. ; compound 
extract of colocynth, 10 grs.; oil of peppermint, or oil of 
cloves, 3 to 6 drops. 
Astringents.— Medicines of this class constrict animal 
tissue, acting directly when applied to the part, or re- 
motely when administered by the mouth or rectum. 
1. Mixtures for Internal Use.—Tincture of cpium, 25 
drops; powdered catechu, 15 grs.; flour or powdered 
starch, 2 drms. Mix, and administer promptly. 
2. Powdered opium, 3 grs.; powdered alum, Jo to 15 
grs.; ground ginger, 20 grs. ; strong tea, 2 fluid ozs. © 
Dissolve the alum in the tea, and add the other in- 
gredients. 
Nos. 1 and 2 are useful in protracted diarrhcea, &c. 
When the evacuations are offensive, 5 to 10 drops to r tea- 
spoonful of ‘‘ Sanitas” fluid may be added. 
Astringent Boluses for the dog useful in— 
3. Diabetes or Hemorrhage Powdered opium, 2 to 3 
grs.; gallic acid, 4 to 6 grs.; alum, 5 to 10 grs.; pow- 
dered bark, ro grs. Linseed meal, enough to form a 
bulus, to be given to a large dog (or divided for a small 
one) two or three times a day. 
