Materia Medica. 125 
dry caustics. The last is often a dangerous remedy in 
the hands of unskilled persons. 
4. Muriate, or butyr of antimony, is a powerful caustic, 
useful for fungoid growths, &c. ‘The addition of water 
effectually destroys it. When dilution is needed, tincture 
of myrrh is the proper agent. 
5. Sulphuric, nitric, muriatic, and acetic acids are 
also powerful caustics, and with No. 4, are usually 
applied by means of a small mop of cotton wool. 
Caustic Lotions are made of any required degree of 
strength, by the addition 8f water as follows : 
6. Nitrate of silver, 3 to 15 grs. per ounce. 
7. Corrosive sublimate, 3 to 10 ers.; muriatic acid, 
$ fluid drm.; cold distilled water, 7} fluid drms. An effec- 
tive remedy for fistulous sinuses, indolent tumours, &c. 
8. Sulphate of copper, 3 to 6 drms.; sulphuric acid, 
fluid drm. ; water, one pint. 
g. Chloride of zinc, 3 to 5 grs.; muriatic acid, 3 to 5 
drops; distilled water, 1 fluid oz. 
Caustic Ointments find their base in hog’s lard, vase- 
line, cocoa butter, &c. ; 
to. Verdigris, finely powdered, 1 to 3 or 4 oz. of one 
or other of the bases named. 
11. Sulphate of copper, finely powdered, 1 0z.; to 3 
or 4. 
12. Burnt alum, 1 oz. to 3 or 4. Mix, in each case 
causing thorough incorporation. 
Clysters, Enemas or Injections.—Two kinds of 
clyster are in common use, fluid and gaseous. The 
first are used to unload the rectum, remove obstruction, 
relieve spasra, and promote intestinal action in debility ; 
also to convey nutritious fluids to the bowels during the 
process of wasting disease ; gaseous enemas are effective 
in allaying spasm, as in colic, &c. 
1. Warm fluid clysters are constituted as follows: 
They are used at a temperature of 90° to 100° F. Soft, 
or hard soap, 2 drms. Cover the soap with boiling 
water, and when the former is dissolved, add sufficient 
cold to secure the above-named temperatures. Inject a 
teacupful as required. 
