126 Materia Medica. 
2. Common salt may be substituted for the soap when 
a direct irritant action is required. 
_3. Medicated enemas consist of some remedy added to 
warm water, beef-tea, linseed mucilage, &c. 
4. Flour, oatmeal, gruel, or beef-tea, 4 or 5 fluid ozs., 
spirits of nitrous ether, 2 to 4 drms. Useful when the 
animal is unable to take food. 
5. Tincture of opium, 1 fluid oz. ; powdered catechu, 
4 drms. ; solution of starch, as used in the laundry, 
Enema Syringe. 
Enema Funnel. 
thickened by boiling, 1 pint. Mix, and inject one-fourth 
part as needful in persistent diarrhoea, dysentery, &c. 
6. Gaseous Enema—In some instances the fumes of 
burning opium are useful as a means of reducing spasm 
in colic and other affections of the bowels, but in all 
cases the treatment calls for the greatest care. 
Enema Funnel.—Vanious forms of apparatus are used 
for administering an enema, the simplest being the 
common funnel shown in figure annexed. The pipe, first 
smeared with simple lard, oil, or soap, is carefully passed 
within the intestine to the extent of two inches. The bowl 
being upwards is filled with successive portions of the 
fluid, which readily disappear with a gurgling sound. In 
