Diseases of the Respiratory Organs. 173 
position is made out, the cavity may be opened with the 
trephine, when the intruder is dislodged by direct appli- 
cation and destroyed. 
' Epistaxis, or Bleeding from the Nostrils, sometimes 
arises from plethora during hot weather. It is more 
common in hot countries than Britain. Blows or falls, by 
which the bones forming the cavities are subjected to 
shock communicated to the lining membrane, are common 
causes. (See Polypus.) 
Treatment.—Cold water externally ; astringent injec- 
tions into the nostrils, and perfect quietude are essential: 
Polypus, or Zumour in the Nostrils, is a morbid fibrous 
growth, covered by a continuation of the nasal membrane, 
and is sometimes observed from the exterior or front of 
the nostrils; it ‘may also extend backwards to the 
pharynx. Its presence is denoted by more or less inter- 
ference with breathing, ozena, or haemorrhage, which may 
be slight, or issuing in a stream. 
Treatment consists of removal by ligature or excision, 
to determine which the veterinary surgeon is indis- 
pensable. 
Laryngitis, or Sore Throat, is often a troublesome 
affection in some dogs. As the result of extreme change 
from the warm fireside to a seat in an open vehicle 
during cold or damp weather. Yard dogs and dogs at 
shows, constantly barking and running the length of the 
chain, suffer from the disease in an aggravated form. 
(See Aphonia.) The adjacent glands sometimes swell 
considerably, which renders swallowing not only difficult 
but painful. -Food and liquids taken into the mouth 
return by the nostrils, and cause great inconvenience. 
The saliva, which is secreted largely and mixed with 
mucus from the inflamed membranes, has a foetid odour, 
and flows in a continuous stream from the lips. The 
breath is also offensive, and respiration more or less 
disturbed ; the heart-beats are rapid and forcible, the 
eyes are dull and discharging fluid. Cough is frequent 
and depressing, feet and ears probably cold, and bowels 
confined. The voice is lost, and replaced by a’ hoarse 
and feeble attempt, often interrupted by cough. As the 
