Diseases of the Eyes and Ears. 225 
thickened membrane, should be subjected to complete 
extirpation with the knife. 
Uleeration of the Eyelids is a frequent accompani- 
ment of mange, but more frequently arises from persistent 
scratching the parts with the feet; when the eyes are 
“watery.” ‘Itis attended by swelling, with loss of hair 
and the formation of numerous’small sinuses. The best 
application is the ointment of nitrate of mercury, the 
animal being secured against injuring the parts. 
Ectropion, or Zversion of the Eyelids, consists of a 
~ turning outwards of the extreme edges, with exposition 
and bulging of the conjunctival membrane. It is rare in 
the dog. 
Entropion zs the reverse of Lctropion. The edges of 
the lids curl inwards, the eyelashes creating continued 
painful irritation of the eyeball. 
Watery Eyes are the result of the latter malforma- 
tion, which leads the dog to scratch with his hind feet, 
and commit serious injury to the parts. 
Treatment consists of a surgical. operation, by which 
an eliptica! portion of the lid is removed from the skin, 
and the parts are drawn together and maintained by 
sutures. Healing of the wound causes shortening of the 
lid, and consequent removal of the lashes from contact 
with the eyeball. 
In ectropion excision of the internal or lining membrane 
is effected, and this brings the eyelid into close apposi- 
tion with the surface of the eyeball. 
Organs of Hearing.—Otitis.—Inflammation of the 
internal structures of the ear, although in common with 
other affections of the organ, is not so frequent as 
formerly, yet itis by no means rare. It may be justly 
termed the precursor of canker, having its origin in the 
same conditions, being an irritable state of the local 
nerves, evinced by pain and high vascularity of the 
internal organs. 
Symptoms.—The head is carried towards one side, and 
the feet are often used to scratch the ear on the affected 
side, or he rubs it on the ground, against the wall, and 
other stationary objects. He a'so suddenly shakes tae 
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