226 Diseases of the Eyes and Ears. 
head, and flaps the ears with violence, as the paroxysms 
of pain occur. The roots of the ears are hot and painful 
in the acute stages, and the patient is feverish ; occasion- 
ally also some amount of brain disturbance is evident 
in the appearance of signs not unlike those of epilepsy in 
more advanced cases (sce Mange of the Ear), having 
their origin in disease of the internal osseous structures. 
Simple cases have been known to be frequently rendered 
formidable by the use of improper remedies, especially 
caustics, one of the most common results being deafness, 
which is also a sequel of internal canker and absurd 
mutilation of the ears. The needful remedies for otitis 
will be detailed under. 
Internal Canker, which may be defined as an acute 
inflammation of the skin which forms at the inner lining 
of the external ear. In long-standing cases, the disease 
is associated with External Canker (which see). The 
early forms of derangement consist of swelling of the 
skin, with blocking of the natural opening, by which the 
secretion of the ceruminous glands is retained, creating 
pain and irritation, especially from its liability to undergo 
decomposition, forming at first a red, but soon changing 
toa black, and offensive matter which oozes from the 
canal. The discharge also dries on the surface of the 
ears, induces ulceration, the formation of abscess and 
discharge of pus. Cases aggravated by neglect exhibit 
the formation of fungoid tumours, which block up the 
passage, and discharge matter which accumulates among 
the hair, and creating irritation, induces the formation 
of ulcers over the entire face. Canker is especially a 
disease common to dogs with long hair. The Causes 
are, accumulation of dirt and cerumen in the ear, or, in 
water dogs, the entrance of water, producing irritant and 
cooling effects, disturbing the circulation as well as the 
nervous power. Thus soapsuds carelessly allowed to 
enter during washing have a similar effect. Dogs suffer- 
ing from mange are liable to canker from extension of 
the irritation to the organ. External canker is also a 
further complication. 
Treatment comprises perfect quiet, keeping the animal 
