246 Diseases of the Skin. 
severe pain. In the dog it may be usually found on the 
head, neck and back, which are involved in severe 
eczema, and on the inflamed parts the offenders may be 
readily observed by means ofan ordinary lens. The disease 
yields very tardily, perhaps owing to the difficulty of 
reaching the parasite. Paraffin has been found effectual; 
carbolic acid in glycerine is not certain, as, owing to the 
susceptibility of the dog to the action of the drug, only 
weak solutions could be used. 
Fleas, Fulex irritans, are terrible pests to the dog. 
Their presence in pet dogs is a serious drawback, and 
their extermination becomes a disideratum. If not 
removed they cause severe and continued irritation, 
seriously affect the health, and reduce the animal to a 
state of anzemia and debility. Cleanliness in the kennel, 
as in all other respects, is absolutely essential to prevent 
the attack, regular washing of the animal with ‘‘Sanitas” 
Dog Soap being effectual. For especial remedies, see 
Parasiticides, in Chapter VIII. 
Lice, Zediculi, do not prove so troublesome or painful 
as fleas. They are, however, more loathsome, and we 
shudder to think of the possibility of their transmission to 
ourselves. Well-kept dogs receive them only by contact 
with others infected. Mongrels and wandering curs 
obtain them in the dirt and filth among which they seek 
their food, or by contact with their infected fellows. 
They always retire before the resolute acts of cleanliness. 
Simple cases are cured by ordinary washing with 
“‘Sanitas” Dog Soap. Confirmed cases require the 
application of a special Parasiticide. 
Ticks are summer visitants, which not only produce 
severe irritation by boring into the skin, but debilitate the 
sufferer by sucking his blood, and by their effects on the 
nervous system have been known to induce paralysis. 
The species common to our dogs is the Lvodes ricinus, an 
innocent offender as compared with certain varieties 
common to South Africa, which are known to kill not only 
dogs, but also oxen. They are usually found in the ears, 
but may attach themselves to other parts where the hair 
is thin. The best remedy is to cut each tick in half by 
