Local Ih njuries. 249 
to carry the limb in a more or less flexed ‘position, and 
is unable to put it to the ground, or bear any weight 
upon it. The parts commonly affected are the phalanges, 
or small bones of the feet, which suffer from being trodden, 
run over, or bruising from falling objects. The elbow 
also suffers as a result of dislocation which has not been 
reduced. Sprains of ligament also end in exostosis and 
anchylosis, and, on that account, all such injuries should 
receive prompt attention. Blisters frequently applied, 
and the actual cautery, are often attended with good 
results in the early stages. 
Sprains of Muscle and Sinew are common to sport- 
- ing dogs, especially greyhounds. They are met with in 
all forms, varying from slight extension, or laceration of 
fibre, to ‘breaking down,” or rupture of the sinews. 
Cure is effected by complete rest, the administration of 
laxative medicine, and cold water externally. 
Congenital Deformities of the extremities are not 
uncommon in puppies. They present such a variety of 
forms that intelligible description fails in the small space 
allotted. When the animal is of valuable or special 
‘strain, the best course is to submit the case to a well- 
‘known canine surgeon for opinion as to procedure. 
Dislocations.—Displacement of bones in their union 
to form joints is common in dogs of all ages. They 
present various aspects as well as difficulties, and the 
patient should be placed in the hands of the skilled 
canine surgeon. 
Besides reduction, the after-treatment of dislocation is 
often important. Bandages and splints, as for fractures, 
may be required, being retained by starch, melted pitch, 
&c., until the parts have assumed a healthy condition, 
the use of the limb being also suspended. Blisters, or 
“even firing, may be called for at a later’ stage in order to 
hasten the cure. 
Fracture of Bone is frequent in dogs. They origi- 
nate from falls, blows, kicks from horses, or being 
run over by vehicles ; and, as a rule, are readily distin- 
guished by the crepitus, deformity, pain on movement of 
the injured member, inability to use it, with subsequent 
