64 



''he Pivpa-Stage. 



joyous honey-moon — soon to come. At this time the insect 

 may look like a seed, as in the coarctate pupa of diptera, so 

 familiar in the "flax-seed" state of the Hessian-fly, or in the 

 pupa of the cheese-maggot, or the meat-fly. This same form, 

 with more or le.ss modification, prevails in butterfly pupa;, 

 called, because of their golden spots, chrysalids, and in the 

 jtupai of moths. Other pupse, as in the case of bees (Fig. 15, 

 g) and beetles, look not unlike the mature insect with its 



Fig. 15. 



Deodopmenl of the Bee. 



antennae, legs, and wings closely bound to the body by a thin 

 membrane, hence the name pupa which Linne gave — rcferrini'- 

 to this condition — as the insect looks as if wrapped in swaddling 

 clothes, the old cruel way of torturing the infant, as if it 

 needed holding together. Aristotle called pupre "nymphs" — 

 a name now given to this stage in bees — which name w;is 

 adopted by many entomologists of the seventeenth and eighteenth 

 centuries. Inside the pupa skin great changes are in progress, 

 for either by modifying the larval organs or developing parts 

 entirely new, by use of the accumulated material stored by the 

 larva during its prolonged banquet, the -wonderful transforma- 

 tion from the sluggish, worm-like larva to the active, bird-'-'-s 



