Concerning Eyes. 201 
If we could leave out the mixed or neutral eyes, 
which arein a transitional state—blue eyes with some 
pigment obscuring their blueness, and making them 
quite unclassifiable, as no two pairs of eyes are 
found alike—then all eyes might be divided into two 
great natural orders, those with and those without 
pigment on the outer surface of the membrane. 
They could not well be called light and dark eyes, 
since many hazel eyes are really lighter than purple 
and dark grey eyes. They might, however, be simply 
called brown and blue, for in all eyes with the 
outer pigment there is brown, or something scarcely 
distinguishable from brown; and all eyes without 
pigment, even the purest greys, have some blueness. 
.Brown eyes express animal passions rather than 
intellect and the higher moral feelings. They are 
frequently equalled in their own peculiar kind of 
eloquence by the brown or dark eyes in the domestic 
dog. In animals there is, in fact, often an exag- 
gerated eloquence of expression. To judge from 
their eyes, caged cats and eagles in the Zoological 
Gardens are all furred and feathered Bonnivards. 
Even in the most intellectual of men the brown eye 
speaks more of the heart than of the head. In the 
inferior creatures the black eye is always keen and 
cunning or else soft and mild, as in fawns, doves, 
aquatic birds, &c.; and it is remarkable that in 
man also the black eye—dark brown iris with large 
pupil—generally has one or the other of these pre- 
dominant expressions. Of course, in highly- 
civilized communities, individual exceptions are 
