FRA 



242 



FEA 



in a warm sheltered situation, with a sjight 

 protection in severe weather. They can only 

 be increased hy seeds. . 



appendiculata . Purple 7, H. Her. P. 3 Chile . 1S30 

 ram&sa . . . White 7, H. Her. P. 2 Chile . 1831 

 sonehifblia . . Purple 7, H. Her. P. 2J Chile . 1830 



Francoack2E, or Francoads, Herbaceous 

 plants without stems. All hitherto discovered 

 are natives of Chili. The species are used in 

 medicine and as dyes. 

 FRANcoEijRiA, De Gandolle. See Inula. 

 FrangtJla, Tournefort. See Rhdmnus. 

 FrankEnia. Named by Linnaeus in honour of 

 John Frankenius, professor of botany at Upsal, 

 who died in 1661. Linn. 6, Or. 1, Nat. Or. 

 FranJcenihcece. Truly beautiful, little ever- 

 green shrubs or herbs. The hardy kinds are 

 particularly well adapted for ornamenting 

 rock-work, or they may be grown in small 

 pots, and placed among the alpine plants. The 

 greenhouse species should be placed on the 

 front shelf in winter. All the species grow 

 well in loam, peat, and sand, with the pots 

 well drained ; they are easily increased by cut- 

 tings planted in sand, under a glass, by seeds, 

 or divisions of the roots. Synonymes : 1, Ms- 

 pida; 2, liirsiila. 



Bed . 7, H. Ev. Tr. } Barbary . 1819 

 Red . 7, G. Ev. Tr. i Canaries 1816 

 Li. blue 7, H. Ev. Tr. J Siberia . 1789 

 White ". 7, H. Ev. Tr. i S. Eur. . 1817 

 Flesh . 7, H. Ev. Tr. i Eng., salt m. 

 7, H. Ev. Tr. J Caucasus 1824 



6, G. Ev. Tr. ± C. G. H. 1818 



7, H. Ev. Tr. J C. G. H. 1816 

 7, G. Ev. Tr. J If. Holl. 1824 

 7, H. Tr. A. J Eng., com. 



Frankeniads. Herba- 

 ceous plants or small undershrubs. They form 

 but a small order, and are but little used in 

 their native countries for any domestic pur- 



corymbdsa . 

 ericifdlia 

 hirsuta 1 

 intermedia 2 

 libvis . 

 mollis . . 

 nodiflbra . 

 N6thria . . 

 paucifl&ra . 

 pulverulenta 



Frankeniace» 



Red 



Flesh 



Flesh 



Pink 



Bed 



or 



Frankincense of Indian temples. See Bal- 

 samodindron and Boswillia thurifera. 



Frankincense. See Pinus Tceda. 



Franzeria, Cavanilles. In honour of Antony 

 Franzer, a botanist. Linn. 21, Or. 5, Nat. Or. 

 Asteracece. Greenhouse shrubs of no interest. 

 They grow in peat and loam, and may be in- 

 creased by cuttings — ambrosioides, 



Frasera. Michaux dedicated this genus in 

 honour of John Fraser, an indefatigable col- 

 lector of North American plants. Linn, i, Or. 

 1, Nat. Or. Gentianacew. A very curious little 

 plant, found in the morasses of North America, 

 and successfully cultivated in peat soil, and 

 increased by seeds or divisions. The root of 

 this plant is a pure and excellent bitter. Sy- 

 nonyms: 1, Waftlri. 

 carolinensis 1 . Grn. yel. 7, H. P. 4 Carolina . 1795 



Fraxinella . See Dietdmnus Fraxinilla. 



Fraxinos, Linn. From phraxis, a separation ; 

 the wood is used in making hedges. Linn. 23, 

 Or. 2, Nat. Or. Oleicm. Most of the species 

 are large-growing trees, well suited for planta- 

 tions. F. excelsior is one of the most useful of 

 our native timber trees ; its wood is much used 

 by coachmakers, wheelwrights, and for many 



implements used iu husbandry. Any of the 

 kinds may be increased by budding or grafting 

 on the common ash, but they are most fre- 

 quently raised from seeds, which do not vege- 

 tate till the second year. The bark of several 

 of the species yields a concrete discharge called 

 manna, which is a sweet and gentle purgative. 

 Synonymes: 1, discolor; 2, crfspa; 3, simplici- 

 fdlia ; i, caroliniana, subserrclta ; 5, B6scii ; 

 6, Frdxinus nana ; 7, nigra ; 8, exdlsior verru- 

 cosa. See Ornus and Pterocarya. 



acuminata . Green 5, H. 

 alba .... Green 5, H, 



amarissima . Green 5, H. 



americana . Green 5, H. 



latifdlia . . Green 5, H. 



angustifdlia . Green 5, H. 



appehdica. . Green 5, H. 

 appendiculata Green 5, H. 



argentea . Green 6, H, 



atrovirens . Green 5, H. 



aurea . . . Green 4, H. 



caroliniana . Green 6, H. 



cinerea . . . Green 5, H. 



ctirvidens . . Green 4, H. 



dipetala . . Green 5, H. 



elliptica . Green 5, H. 



eplptera 1 . Green 5, H. 



excelsior 2 . Green 5, H. 



argentea . Green 5, H. 



aurea . . . Green 5, H. 



atl d r ula P& :}<*^.H. 



erbsa . . . Green 5, H. 



fungdsa . . Green 5, H. 



horizontalis Green 5, H. 



jaspidea . Green 5, H. 



Kincalrnias . Green 4, H. 



lutea . . . Green 5, H. 



nana . . . Green 5, H. 



pendula . . Green 5, H. 



striata . . Green 5, H. 



verticillaris. Green 5, H. 

 expansa . . Green 5, H. 

 ftisca . . . Green 5, H. 

 heterophils 3 Green 5, H. 



variegata . Green 4, H. 

 juglandifdlia . Green 5, H. 



subinte- ) « „ e n 



gerrima4$ Green 6, H. 

 laciniata . Green 4, H. 

 lanoea . . . Green 5, H. 

 lentiscifdlia . Green 5, H. 



De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 Do. T. 

 De. S. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 



50 N. Amer. . 1723 

 30 N. Amer. . 1823 

 20 



25 N. Amer. . 1723 

 25 



25 Spain . . 1825 

 25 

 25 



15 Corsica . . 1825 

 6 Brit., gards. 

 20 Brit., gards. 

 30 N. Amer. . 1783 

 40 N. Amer. 

 20 Carolina 

 25 Mexico . 

 30 N. Amer. 

 30 N. Amer. 

 70 Brit., woods. 

 25 Brit., gards. 

 25 Brit., gards. 



1824 

 1811 



1825 

 1823 



De. T. 20 Britain . Gards. 



25 Brit., gards. 

 25 Brit., gards. 

 25 Brit., gards. 

 30 Gardens. 

 40 Kincairney 

 20 Britain, gards. 

 10 Brit., gards. 

 20 Brit., gards. 

 20 Brit., gards. 

 20 Brit., gards. 

 30 N. Amer. 1824 

 SO N. Amer. . 1S23 

 30 Eng., woods. 

 25 Ireland, gards. 

 40 N. Amer. . 1783 



De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 



De. T. 40 Carolina . . 



pendula . 

 longifdlia . 

 lucida . . 

 macroph^lla 

 mexicana . 

 mixta . . 

 monstrdsa 

 nana 5 . . 

 nigra . . 

 ovata . 

 oxycarpa . 



oxyph^lla 

 pallida 



parvifblia . 

 platycarpa 

 polemoni- 



fblia 6 . 

 pubescens 7 



Green 6, H. 

 Green 5, H. 

 Green 5, H. 

 Green 5, H. 

 Green 4, H. 

 Green 5, H. 

 Green 5, H. 

 Green 6, H. 

 Green 5, H. 

 Green 5, H. 

 Green 5, H. 

 Green 5, H. 

 Green 5, H. 

 Green 5, H. 

 Green 5, H. 

 Green 5, H. 



J Green 4, H. 



Green 4, H. 



De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 



25 N. Amer. 

 35 N. Amer. 



6 Aleppo . 



6 Germany 

 SO N. Amer. 

 20 

 40 



30 Mexico . 

 30 N. Amer. 

 30 Brit., woods. 



6 



30 If. Amer. . 

 30 if. Amer. . 

 20 Caucasus . 

 20 S. Europe . 

 80 N. Amer. . 

 30 Carolina . 

 20 Levant . . 

 40 N. Amer. . 



1S20 

 1710 

 1833 

 1824- 



1823 



1S25 

 1824 



De. S. 20 N. Amer. 



. Green 5, H. 

 . Green 5, H. 



latifblia 

 longifdlia 



SU S & :} Green 5 ; H . 

 pulverulenta. Green 5, H. 

 *»£■»«*} Ctam «>H. 



nervosa . . Green 5, H. 

 Richardi . . Green 5, H. 

 rubicunda . Green 5, H. 

 rufa .... Green 5, H. 



Do. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. 8. 



De. T. 



De. T. 



De. T. 



De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 

 De. T. 



25 N. Amer. 

 20 Gardens. 

 20 N. Amer. 



20 Gardens. 



30 N. Amer. 



35 N. Amer. 



35 



30 N. Amer. 

 30 N. Amer. 

 30 N. Amer. 



1815 

 1821 



1820 

 1822 

 1820 

 1812 

 1811 



1824 

 1822 



1824 

 1822 



