XAN 



592 



XBR 



X. 



XANTH1UM, Tourneforl. From xanthos, yel- 

 low ; the plants being formerly used by the 

 Greeks to dye their hair. Linn. 21, Or. 5, Nat. 

 Or. Asteracece. Plants of no great beauty. The 



■ seed may be sown in the open border. 



canadense . . Green 7, H. A. 1 N. Amer. . 1700 

 catharticum . Green 7, H. A. 1 8. Amer. . 1824 

 macrocarpum . Green 7, H. A. 1 France . . 1817 

 echinatzcm, orientate, spinbsum, Strumarium. 



Xanthochymus. See Stalagmite. 



Xanthorhiza, Marsh. From xanthos, yellow, 

 and rhiza, a root ; the roots being of a deep 

 yellow colour. Linn. 5, Or. 6, Nat. Or. Ea- 

 nuneul&ceat. An interesting dwarf shrub, suc- 

 ceeding well in common garden soil, and in- 

 creased by suckers. The wood contains both 

 a gum and a resin, each of which is intensely 

 bitter. 

 apiif61ia . Pur. grn. 2, H. Ev. 8.3S. Amer. 1766 



XanthorrbAa, Swartz. From xanthos, yellow, 

 and rheo, to flow ; yellow resinous exudation. 

 Linn. 6, Or. 1 Nat. Or. Lili&cece. These plants 

 thrive well in a mixture of peat and loam, and 

 are increased by offsets from the roots. Syno- 

 nyme: 1, X. pumilio. 



australis . . White 4, G. Ev. S. 3 N". Holl. . 1824 

 bracteata . . White 4, G. Her. P. 2 ST. S. W. . 1810 

 hastilis . . White 4, G. Ev. S. 6 N. S. W. . 1803 

 hilmilis 1, . . White 4, G. Her. P. 2 N. Holl. . 1825 

 media ... White 4, G. Bv. S. 2 N. HoU. . 1803 

 minor . . White 4, G. Her. P. 2 N. S. W. . 1804 



Xanth6sia, De Candolle. From xanthos, yellow ; 

 in allusion to the yellow down with which 

 some species belonging to this genus are 

 clothed. Linn. 5, Or. 2, Nat. Or. Apiacece. Very 

 curious under -shrubs, succeeding well in a 

 mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and readily 

 increased by cuttings, or seeds, 

 hirsuta . . White . 5, G. Ev. S. li N. S. W. . 1830 

 montana . White . 5. G. Ev. S. lj N. S. W. . 1826 

 rotundifdlia Wht. rd. 6, G. Ev. S. 1J Pt. Jackson 1836 



Xanthos6ma, Schott. From xanthos, yellow, 

 and soma, a body. Linn. 21, Or. 7, Nat. Or. 

 Aracem. Synonymes: 1, Arum XanthorMzv/m, 

 Calctdium XanthorMzum ; 2, Arum sagittm- 

 fbliwm, Caladium sagittcefllium, A. Xanthor- 

 hizon. 



Jacquini 1 . . Tel. . 5, S. Bv. S. 4 S. Amer. 1 816 

 sagittajfdlia 2 White. 5, S. Her. P. 4 W. Ind. . 1710 



X A ttthoxylace^ or Xanthoxyls. Trees and 

 shrubs, principally found in tropical America ; 

 they are all pungent and aromatic, and are 

 popularly called peppers in their native coun- 

 tries. 



Xanth6xylum, Linn. From xanthos, yellow, 

 and xylon, wood ; the roots are yellow. Linn. 

 22, Or. 5, Nat. Or. Xanilwxylaeece. Orna- 

 mental trees and shrubs. The hardy species, 

 from their beauty, are well adapted for plant- 

 ing in shrubberies. They grow freely in any 

 common garden soil, and are readily increased 

 hy cuttings of the ripened wood, planted under 

 a glass. The stove and greenhouse kinds are 

 of easy culture, and are increased by cuttings, 

 in sand, under a glass. The bark and capsules 



of X. fraxlneum have a hot, acrid taste, and 

 are used for easing the toothache ; hence the 

 name Toothache tree. X. Avicinnai and Pip6- 

 ritum are used in China and Japan as an anti- 

 dote against all poisons, and in Japan the cap- 

 sules of the latter species are used as a sub- 

 stitute for pepper. Synonymes: 1, Fagara 

 Budrunga ; 2, F. Piperita; 3, F. Pterota; 

 4, Sapindus spinbsus ; 5, Evddia triphj/lla ; 

 6, F. tragbdes. See Fagara. 



acuminatum . Gn wt. 4, S. Bv. S. 8 Jamaica . 1818 

 armatum . Gn.wt. 4, S. Ev. S. 8 B. ind. . 1816 



aromaticum . Gn.wt. 4, S. Bv. S. 10 W. Ind. . 1824 

 Avicennas . . Gn.wt. 4, G. Ev. S. 10 China . . 1823 

 Budrunga 1. . White. 3, S. Bv. T. 15 E. Ind. .1825 

 clava Hei-culis . Gn.wt. 4, G. Ev. S. 10 W. Ind. . 1739 

 emarginatum . Gn.wt. 4, S. Ev. S. 10 Jamaica . 1739 

 fraxineum . . Gn.wt. 3, H.De. S. 4 N. Amer. . 1759 

 mite . . . Tlwsh. 3, H.De. S. 10 N. Amer. . 1818 

 nitidum . . Gn.wt. 5, S. Ev. S. 10 Chum . . 1823 

 piperttum2. . White. 9, G. Ev. S. 10 Japan. .1773 

 Pterota 3 . . White. 8, S. Ev. T. 10 Jamaica . 1768 

 afllne .... White . 4, G. Ev. S. 6 Mexico . 1826 



h lum 0Pl ^!" } ' WlitB - 9 ' S - Ev - S - 8 Bourbon . 1823 

 h dltam 1 ! r0 ! } Wmfas.8, S. Ev. S. 10 Guiana .1823 

 juglandif&lium. White .6,8. Ev. 8. 8 W. Ind. . 1822 

 sapindoides 4 . White. 7, S. Ev. 8. 15 Jamaica . 

 spinbsum . . White . 7, S. Ev. 8. 10 Jamaica . 1824 

 triph^llum . . White. 8, 8. Ev. 8. 10 Penang . 1820 

 tragodes 6 . . Whtsh. 6, 8. Ev. S. 10 St.Domin. 1759 

 tricarpum . . Gn.wt. 7, H.De. S. 6 N. Amer. . 1806 



Xeranthemum, Tournefort. From xeros, dry, 

 and anffiem.on, a flower; alluding to the dry 

 nature of the flower, which retains its form and 

 colour for years. Linn. 19, Or. 2, Nat. Or. 

 Asteracea. Plants of the easiest culture in any 

 rich light soil. See ApheUxis and Phendcoma. 

 annuum . . . Purple 7, H. A. 2 8. Eur. . 1570 

 inapdrtum . Purple 7, H. A. 2 8. Eur. . 1620 

 orientale . . White 7, H. A. 2 Levant . 1713 

 erectum . . . White 6, H. A. 2 Persia . 1836- 

 longipapposum White 6, H. A. 2 Persia . 1836 



Xerophylltjm, Miehaux. From xeros, dry, and 

 phyllon, a leaf ; in reference to the dry glassy 

 leaves. Linn. 6, Or. 3, Nat. Or. Melanthacece. 

 Handsome plants when in flower, and, there- 

 fore, well worth cultivating. They succeed 

 test in a peat border, and will, if treated with 

 care, ripen their seeds, from which they may be 

 increased, as also by dividing the roots. Syno- 

 nymes : 1, X. setifilium, Helbnias asphodel- 

 oides ; 2, H. gramlnea ; 3, Veratrum Saladilla, 

 Velldzia squamata ; 4, Helbnias tenax. 



aephodeloldes 1 White 5, H. Her. P. li N. Amer. 1765 

 gramfneum 2 . White 5, H. Her. P. 2 ST. Amer. 1812 

 Sabadilla 3 . . White 5, H. Her. P. 2J VeraCruz 1830 

 tenax 4 . . White 5, H. Her. P. 1J N. Amer. 1811 

 Xer6tes, R. Brown. From xerotes, dryness ; 

 because of the aridity of the herbage. Linn. 

 22, Or.- 6, Nat. Or. Juncaceoe. A genus of her- 

 baceous plants. They succeed well in light rich 

 soil, and are readily propagated by dividing the 

 plants at the root. Synonymc; 1, Lomaria 

 longifblia, Lomdndfa longifolia. 

 temula . . Yellow. 6, G. Her. P. 1J N. S. W. . 1823 

 arenaria . . Wt. gn. 6, G. Her. P. 2 N. Hoi. . 1820 

 denticulate. Wt. gn. 6, G. Her. P. 1 N. Hoi. . 1825 

 echin&ta. . Wt. gn, 6, G. Her. P. 2 N. Hoi. .1824 



