96 V. MENISPERMACE^. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Paraiima. 



the top of the staminal column, bursting transversely. Female fl. : Stami- 

 nodes 6, cylindric- Ovaries 3 ; styles subulate, recurved. Drupes ovoid, style- 

 scar subterminal; endocarp subglobose, dorsally spinulose, ventraUy con- 

 cave. Seed pitted, curved, ventrally concave ; cotyledons f oliaacous, ovate, 

 spreading. 



1. P. sagrittata, Miers Contrih. ilL 57, t. 98 ; leaves cordate or sagit- 

 tate obtusely acuminate. H.f. ds T. Fl. Ind. 181. P. oleracea, petero- 

 phylla and ferruglriea, Miers id Tayl. Ann. Ser. 2, vii. 39. Qssampelos 

 sagittata, Ham. ex Wall. Cat. 4983. C. oleracea. Wall. Cat. 4984. 



Tropical forests from Nipal and the Khasia hills, to Ava and Ohittasoss. 



Glabrous pubescent or softly tomentose ; branchlets grooved. Leaves 2-8 by 2-4 in., 

 5-7-nerved, young sinuate-toothed, older entire ; petiole 3-4 in. Oymes usually ge- 

 minate, many^flowered. Flowers minute. Sepals subacute. Petals obovate-cuneate, 

 tip often 3-Iobed. Drv^es greenish. 



3. TXNOSFORA, Miers. 



Climbing shrubs. Flowers in axillary or terminal racemes or panicles. 

 Sepals 6, 2-seriate, inner larger membranous. Petals 6, smaller. Male fl. : 

 Stamens 6, filaments free, tips thickened; anther-cells obliquely adnate, 

 bursting obliquely. Femau; fl. : Staminodes 6, clavate. Ovaries 3 ; stigmas 

 forked. Drupes 1-3, dorsally convex, ventrally flat ; style-scar subterminal ; 

 endocarp rugose, dorsally keeled, ventrally concave. Seed grooved ventraUy 

 or curved round the intruded sub-2-lobed endocarp, albumen ventraUy rumi- 

 nate; cotyledons foliaceous, ovate, spreading. — Disteib. Species about 8, 

 tropical Asiatic and African. 



1. T. tomentosa, Miers Contrih. iii. 33 ; leaves orbicular-cordate, more 

 or less 3-lobed pubescent above tomentose beneath. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 

 183. Cocculus tomentosus, Caleb, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiiL 50 ; Tfali. Gal. 

 4956. Menisp. tomentosum, Poxb. Fl. Ind. iii 813. 



Tropical thickets in Bengal, Roxburgh, and Ata, WallicTi. 



Bark pustular ; shoots tomentose. Leaves 3-6 in. diam., tomentose on both surfaces ; 

 petiole as long. _ Racemes usually simple, solitary or fascicled. Flowers fascicled in 

 the axils or deciduous bracts. Drupes pisiform, orange-yellow, endocarp tubercled. 



2. T. malabarica, Miers Contrih. iii. 32 ; leaves ovate-cordate acumi- 

 nate pubescent above almost woolly beneath. B. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 183. 

 Menisp. malabaricum, Zami. Cocculus malabaricus DC Prodr'i 97 ■'WaU 

 Cat. 4969 ; Eheede Eort. Mai. vii. t. 19. ' ' ■ • ' • 



"Western Peninsola; Sikkim; Khasia hills and Chttta gong. 



Branclilets clothed with white hairs. Leaves 3-6 in. diam., 7-nerved ; petiole 4 in. 

 terete, hairy. Racemes 3-6 in. ; flowers green. Drupes red.— Miers distinguishes the 

 Khasia and Chittagong specimens as var. scabridula. 



3. T. crispa, Miers Contrih. iii. 34 ; leaves ovate-cordate or oblong 

 acuminate glabrous stamens adnate to the base of the petals, drupe eUiptic- 

 oblong. S.f. d: T. Fl. Ind. 183. Menispermum crispum, L. M verrucosum 

 Eoai). Fl. Ind. m. 808. M. tuberculatum, Lamk. Cocculus crispus DG 

 Prodr. i. 97. C. verrucosus, WaU. Cat. 4966 A, B. i- > • 



From Silhet and Assam to Pegd and Malacca.— Disteib Malay Islands 

 Barh warted ; shoots glabrous. Leaves 2-6 by 1-4 in., entire or repaud, sometimes sub- 

 sagittate, basal lobes distant ; petiole 1-3 in. Racemes 4-8 in., on the old wood solitary 

 or fascicled. Flowers 2-3 m the axils of ovate fleshy bracts, i in. long, green, campanulate 



