184 XIII. VI0LACE2E. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Viola. 



many-seeded. V. Wightiana var. glabra, Thwaites Enum. 20. V. Noto- 

 niana, Wall. Cai. 1449. V. Metziana, Uohen. PL Exsicc. No. 1501. 



Temperate Himalata, ft;om Nipal to Bhotan, alt. 5-10,000 ft. ; Khasia hillsj 

 alt. 4r-6000 ft, P0LNET and Nilqhiki Mts.; Cetloh, alt. 6-7000 ft.— Distrib. Java? 



Rootstock Blender or stout. Stems 1-14 in., usually long and trailing. Leaves 

 I-I4 in., very variable, sinus broad or narrow, shallow or deep ; petals not winged. 

 Flowers J-J in. diam , pale lilac or blue. Style slender, narrowed downwards from the 

 obscurely 3-lobed stigma. Capsule J-^ in., valves acute. — It is very difficult to distin- 

 guish this from V. serpens, by leaf or flower, and. the characters of the stigma and fruit 

 are probably sexual ; some of the synonyms quoted under each may apply to the 

 other. 



Vak. 1. distans proper; stipulea nearly entire. V. serpens. Wall. Cat. 1441 {mt 

 <^ Fl. Ind.). ?V. palmaris, Bneh in DC. Prod/r. i. 298, i>o» Prodr. 205.— Nipal, 

 Khasia hills. 



Vae, 2. fiinbriatd; stipules lacerate or fimbriate. — Sikkim. 



Vak. 3. acaulis; stemless, stipules fimbriate. — Sikkim, alt. 7-9000 ft. 



*** Stigma very oblique or quite lateral, often minute and perforated. 



6. V. serpens, Wall, in Roxh. Fl. Ind. Ed. WaU. ii. 449 {not ofCat.),and 

 in DC. Prod/r. i. 296 ; Mrsute or glabrous, stolons or stems usually long leafy 

 and flowering, leaves ovate-cordate obtuse or acute crenate-serrate, stipulea 

 toothed or fimbriate, spur saccate, sepals acute, capsules globose few-seeded. 

 Eoyie III. 74, t. 18, f. 1 ; W. & A. Prodr. 32. V. Wightiana mr. pubescens, 

 Thwaites Enum. 20. V. pUosa, Blume Bijd. 67. 



Moist woods, &c., throughout tte Tempeeate Himalaya, Khasia hh-ls, Pulney 

 and NiLGHiEi Mts., and CeyloU, alt. 5-7000 ft. PMohlmeih, Parish. — Distblb. Java, 

 China. 



Leaves 1-2 in., sinus open or closed, shallow or deep. Flowers from the main stem 

 J-4 in. diam. ; those from the axils of the cauline leaves small or minute. Capsules 

 often pubescent. — As variable in habit and foliage as V. distans, from which the stigma 

 alone distinguishes the glabrous forms when these are not in fruit, and we suspect that 

 these differences are sexual, the stigmas of the smaller fertile flowers appearing to be 

 more truncate than tihose of the large flowers. The N.W. India specimens are shorter- 

 stemmed than those from moister districts. V. Qriffithiana, Boiss., of Affghanistau, 

 difiers in the more ■qylindric spur and swollen style above with rounded top, and in 

 the more evident beak. V. hirta, L., differs chiefly in the latter character and obtuse 



Vae. 1. glabra; glabrous and very stoloniferdus. ? V. H^miltdniana; Don Prodir. 



Vae. 2. canescens. Wall. Cat. 1442 («p.), and in Soxh. FL Ind. Ed. Wall. ii. 450 ; 

 often stemless, hoary or pubescent. V. Wightiana, WaU. Gat. 4021. V. Koyleana, 

 WaU. Cat. 1448. V. Qriffithiana, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 456. 



Vae. 3. confusa, Benth. Fl. Songk. 20 (sp.) ; stemless or nearly so, stolons 0. 

 V. Wightiana, Wt. Ic. t. 943. V. aspera, Cling, in DC Prodr. i. 295. 



7. V. odorata, L. ; glabrate or pubescent, stemO, stolons slender, leaves 

 tufted broadly ovate cordate obtuse crenate, stipules entire or toothed, 

 sepals very obtuse, spur nearly straigM short subcylindric, style inflated 

 above, stigma decurved. Boiss. EL .Orient, i. 458. (Sweet Violet.) 



Kashmik, alt 5-6000 ft., Falconer, T. T..— Distkib. Europe, N. Africa, N. and W. 

 Asia. 



Bootstoch stout. Stems very short or 0. Leaves (in the Kashmir plant) 4-1 in. 

 diam., tip rounded, nearly glabrous; stipules subulate-lanoeolate. Sepals rounded at 

 the tip. 



