Viola.] XIII. vi6lacejE. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 18S 



■ 8. V. canlna, var. sylvatim, Fries, {sp.) ; rootstock short or 0, flowering 

 stems from a short central axis, leaves ovate-cordate obtuse crenate-serrate, 

 stipules leafy fimbriate, sep&ls acute or acuminate, spur straight or hooked, 

 style of F. odorata. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 459. 



Kashmir and Kjshtwak, alt. 4-8000 ft., JaogMemon*, &o. — Distkib. N. Asia, and 

 westward to the Atlantic. 

 Best distinguished from Y. odorata by the acute or acuminate sepals. 



9. v. Falconeri, H. f. <Ss T. ; stem or very short, stolons or branches 

 stout erect 6-10 in., leaves large ovate-cordate very broadly crenate and 

 very large foliaceous toothed stipules densely covered with black glands, 

 flowers I in. diam., sepals subulate-lanceolate, spur saccate, anther-spurs 

 exceeding the cells. 



Kashmie, Falconer. 



A very remarkable species, resembling V. acuminata, Led. (a form of canina), of 

 Siberia and Manchuria, but with much larger flowers and glaid-dotted leaves. 



10. V. kunawarensls, Royle El. 75, t. 18, f. 3; small, glabrous, stem- 

 less, stolons 0, leaves tufted oblong obtuse sulDentire base cuneate, sepals 

 short tips rounded, spur short obtuse, style clavate, stigma subhorizontal. 

 hardly beaked. 



Western Tibet and Tibetan Himaiata, from Kumaon to Balti, alt. 11-15,500 ft. — 

 DiSTBiB. Afighanistau. 



Boot'gtalk slender, woody, much branched. Leavis tufted, ^-f in., tapering into the 

 slender petiole, pale green. Flowers J-J in. diam., purple. Capsules elliptic, acute. 



11. V. cinerea, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 454; small, glabrous, stems short 

 diffuse branched, leaves eUiptic-ovate or -lanceolate acute obscurely crenate, 

 base acute, stipules leafy fimbriate, flowers small axillary, sepals lanceolate 

 aristate, spur very short, style clavate compressed, stigma lateral of 2 oblong 

 parallel disks. 



Dry hilly region of the Punjab and Sindh, common. — Dxstkib. Affghanistan, Persia, 

 Arabia. 



Slightly powdery. Stems 1-6 in. Leaves ^4 in., apioulate, petioles as long. 

 Peduncles slender, bracts subulate. Flowers 4 in. diam. Capsides ^J in., elliptic, acute. 



V. apetala, Hoxb. f Wall. Cat. 1440, resembles an apetalous form of A. Patrinii. 

 V. DUBiA, Wall. Cat. 1450, is probably a form of V. serpens. 



2. XONXDXUIH, Yentenat. 



Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite. Mowers axil- 

 lary, orange or purple. Sepals 5, subequal, not produced at the base. Petals 

 5, lower larger, clawed, saccate or spurred at the base. Anthers connate or 

 free, 2 or 4 of them gibbous or spurred at the back. Ovary ovoid ; style 

 clavate, incurved, stigma oblique. Capsule 3-valvedj subglobose, few- 

 seeded. /Seec^s globose, testa crustaceous.— Distkib. Species about 40, chiefly 

 tropical Ainerican. 



1. X. suffruticosum, Ging. in DC. Prodr. i. 311 ; glabrous or pubes- 

 cent, leaves linear or lanceolate serrate-toothed, flowers solitary. Wall. 

 Cat. 1439 ; W.d: A. Prodr. 32 ; Wight III. t. 19 ; Ic. t..308. I. enneasper- 

 mum, DO./ WaU.Oat. 1438; W.& A. Prodr.Z-i. I. Wightianum, , Jfo^;. 

 Cat. 4020. I. leptorhizum, JDG.; W. & A. Ic. I. heterophylJum and ereo- 

 tum, BG. l.c. 308, 311. I. hexaspermum, Dalz. in Hook Kew Jowrn. iy. 342 ; 

 .BomJb. Fl. 12. viola suffruticosa and enneasperma, JRoxh. Fl. Ind, i, 649 j 

 Ed. Wall. ii. 417. ' V. frutescens and erecta, Uoth. Nov. Sp. 168. 



