Mn^/phus.] XLii. RHAMNB^. (M. A. Lawson.) 633 



middle. Fruit glotose, 2-celled, fleahv and mealy, glabrous. — There are many culti- 

 vated varieties, differing greatly in the shape and size of the leaves, as also in the size 

 and natnre of the fruit, of which the most remarkable is Bdgeworth's var. Hymdnaua 

 (Journ. Jjinn. Soc. vi. 201), with erect or spreading not drooping branches, obtflse ovate 

 oblong or orbicular leaves, glabrous or slightly tomentose beneath, and long petioles. 

 This, according to Aitchison, is always raised by grafts. Two other varieties are deJ 

 scribed by Edgeworth — ^viz., hortejisis and s^ontatieus, 



2. Z. _ grlabrata, Eeyne in Roth Nov. Sp. 159 ; unarmed, leaves 1-3 

 byi-lHn. elliptic glabrous on both sides, fruit under ^ in. in diameter. 

 W. & A. Prodr. 162 ; Wight Ic. t. 282 ; Bedd. Fl. Syh. Anal. Gen. Ixviii. 

 Z. trinervius, var. ft Both. Nov. Sp. 159. Z. trinervia, Boaib. Fl. Ind. i. 

 606, not Pair. ; Wall. Cat. 4231. 



ElsTERN Benoai and Bhotan, Griffith; Westekh Penihsula, Nilghiri Mts., 

 Wight, &c. 



A tree. Leaves obtusely serrate, coriaceous, glossy, dark-green, with 3 unbranched 

 prominent nerves. Flowers slightly puberulous, yellowish; cymes 4 in. long. Fetals 

 obtriangular with convolute margins. Disk faintly 10-lobed, not pitted or grooved, 

 glabrous. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, united to the middle. Fruit globose, yellow ? 

 TOth a sweet gelatinous pulp, 1-2-celled. — In some few cases the ,cymes are shortly 

 pedunculate. 



3. Z.nummularia, TF. <fc .4. Proc^r. 162 ; profusely armed, leaves |-1 in. 

 ovate to orbicular covered with, a short velvety tomentum on both sides, 

 fruit I in. diam. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 49 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv, Anal. 

 Gen. Ixix. ; Boiss. Fl. Oi-ient. ii. 13 ; Brandis For. Fl. 88. Z. Lotus, Lamk. ; 

 Aitch. Gat. 33. Z. microphylla, Boxb. Fl. Ind. i. 613; Wall. Cat. 4232. 

 Z. rotundifolia, Lamk. Diet, iii 319 ; £>C. Prodr. ii. 21. EJiamnus nummu- 

 laria, Burm. Fl. Ind. 61. 



The Panjab, ascending to 3000 ft. ; Goozeeat, and the Western PEMiNsnlA, from 

 the Ueccan and Concan southwards. — Distkib. Persia. 



A shrub, with widely-divaricating fiexuous branches ," young branches puberulous. 

 Leaves serrate, dark-green and velvety above, pale and more felted beneath. Oymes 

 under J in. Petals obovate with convolute margins. Dish 10-lobed with a pit oppo- 

 site each lobe. Ovary 2-oelled ; styles 2, united to above the middle. Frviit globose, 

 woody, black, 2-celled. — Much used for fencing, and the sweet subacid fruit as food, 

 especially in famine time. I follow Wight and Aniott in adopting Burmann's specific 

 name ; though perhaps Lamarck's should be adopted, 



4. Z. wynadensis, Bedd. Ic. PI. Ind. Or. 23. t. cxiv. ; unarmed, 

 leaves I3-2 by | in. elliptic-lanceolate glabrous and shining above 

 slightly hairy on the nerves beneath. 



Western Peninsula ; dense forests of the Wynaad, alt. 3000 ft., Beddome. 



A lofty tree, the young shoots and flowers covered with a fulvous tomentum. Leaves 

 finely reticulated beneath, penninerved, with hairy glands in the axils of the main 

 nerves. Flowers fascicled, forming dense axillary clusters. Petals 3-lobed with con- 

 volute margins. Disk hairy, 5-angled, not pitted. Ovary 2-oelled; styles 2, divided 

 to nearly the base. Fruit f 



5. Z. vulgaris, Lamk Diet. iii. 316 ; armed, leaves |-2^ in. sub- 

 obhquely ovate obtuse or subacute crenate-serrate^ glabrous on both sides, 

 fruit i in. in diam. Boxb. Fl. Ind. i. 609; Siith. Fl. Grcec. i. 159, t. 241 ; 

 Bom. Fl. Orient, ii. 12. Z. flexuosa. Wall, in Boxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Gan-ey, ii. 

 365 ;Ca<. 4229. Z. nitida, ^oa;6. J?'^. /«d L 609. Z..sativa, ffoBrte. -?"««;«. i. 

 202. ! Z. sinensis, Lamh. Diet. iii. 317. 



Panjab, extending to the Western frontier ; the Panjab Himalaya, Falconer, &c. ; 

 iscendingto 6500 It. ; wild and cultivated, extending to Bengal.— Distrib. Beluchistan, 

 W, Asia, China, Japan, S. Europe. 



