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weather, that cargo must be opened, and is not to be removed till 
proper officers are fetched to watch it to the nearest station, to see 
whether it contains smuggled goods, or whether a piece of cotton 
runs a yard more or less than the manifest ; for now, every bale must 
have the precise number of yards specified as well as pieces. By 
this regulation many sorts of goods must be destroyed, most injured ; 
and in case of rain, the sugars, for instance, taken from the backs of 
mules and examined in the open road, must be damaged, if not lost. 
This clumsy attempt at exactness must of course soon be put an 
end to. 
The sixth section declares Valparaiso to be the only free port of 
Chile, thus doing a manifest injustice to all the others; a declaration 
too, highly imprudent, considering the jealousies on the subject that 
have always existed in the south, and those that have occasionally 
appeared at Coquimbo. The lesser ports, as Concon, Quintero, &c. 
are absolutely closed against all foreign vessels; and native ships 
have some hard restrictions imposed on them, such, for instance, as a 
prohibition to touch at those ports on their arrival from foreign 
countries. Besides Valparaiso, foreign ships are allowed to touch 
at Coquimbo, Talcahuana, and Valdivia; also San Carlos de Chiloe, 
when it is conquered; and, with a government licence, they may 
go to Huasco and Copiapo, but solely for the purpose of taking in 
copper. 
All foreign vessels touching in any of these ports must pay four 
reals per ton, excepting whalers, who pay nothing: native ships 
coming from abroad to pay two reals per ton; but if employed in 
coasting, nothing: for pilotage, anchorage, and mooring, all vessels 
with one mast pay five dollars; with two masts, ten dollars ; with 
three masts, fifteen dollars. National ships or foreign whalers, not 
trading, to pay one half of the above duties. 
The seventh section confines the legal and free passes of the Andes 
to one; namely, that by the valley of Santa Rosa. So that those of 
San Juan de los Patos, the pass of the Portillo, and that of the 
Planchon, are shut up: this is not the way to civilise a country. 
