384 APPENDIX. 
transactions and services during the revolution. His defence was ably stated, 
and in the sequel proved that he and his brothers were not traitors to their. 
country, as had been declared by his enemies ; but that those enemies were, or 
wished to be, traitors. He stated, and made appear from the most authentic 
documents, the treaty which existed between Pueyrredon and the Portuguese 
court relative to the delivery of the United Provinces. These manitestos 
were distributed by his friends through the whole country. The town and 
province of Buenos Ayres began to distrust the patriotism of their Director 
and his Congress: they saw the justice which actuated the Federalists or 
Montoneros in their threatened invasion of the provinces, and looked forward 
to them rather as their deliverers than as enemies. 
Pueyrredon was sensible of his danger, and made timely preparations to 
meet it. General Belgrano, who commanded the army of Peru (then in 
Tucuman), was ordered to accelerate his marches towards the confines of 
Santa Fé and Cordova, where the first scene of action was anticipated. 
Ramirez and Carrera, finding the minds of the Portefios to be in a proper 
mood for their reception, crossed the Parrana, and hostilities commenced in 
the province of Santa Fé, where many actions were fought, all of which 
redounded much to the credit and valour of the Federalists. All the posts 
which the Portefios held were taken with slaughter ; and the remains of their 
army, under General Balcarse, took refuge in the town of Rosario, where 
they were besieged about fifteen days ; and, fortunately for them, some vessels 
had come to receive them previous to the assault of the town. In these ves- 
sels they embarked with great disorder, losing many soldiers, their artillery, 
and baggage: they sailed down the Parrana, and disembodied at San Ni- 
cholas; Viamon, who was general-in-chief of the Portefios, was taken 
prisoner in this campaign. 
The Federal army now completely victorious over the Portefios, marched 
towards the river Carcarafia, on the frontiers of Cordova, to encounter the 
celebrated army of Peru under General Belgrano, who had established his: 
head-quarters in the Cruz Altra, a small town or village on the Cordova side 
of the Carcaratia. Here guerillas were blazing unceasingly at each other 
day and night, without any decisive advantage to one party or the other. 
Belgrano’s army was highly disciplined, accustomed to the dangers and pri- 
vations of war, and had a desire to come to a general engagement, as they 
were much fatigued with the incessant toils, vigilance, and partial dangers 
inseparable from a soldier in front of his enemy ; but he was too prudent 
to hazard all his hopes in a general action against troops already considered 
