142 SIPHOPHYCER. 
B. Tufts for the whole life attached. 
a. Cell contents disposed in lax spirals. 
+ Fruiting cells terminal or subterminal. 
* Cell-membrane even. 
0. Branches connate 
atthebase . . . . canalicularis. 
00. Branches not connate 
atthe base . . . . . glomerata. 
** Cell-membrane plicate . . . . flavescens. 
II. Threads radiating from a common centre, aggregated in a more or 
less spongy globe . . . «© 1 + «© + - «© « ©) = cegagropila. 
Cladophora fracta. (Dillw.) Kutz. Sp. Alg., p. 410. 
Branches and branchlets sparse, divaricate, here and there 
refracted, often secund, the lower laterally inserted. Cell 
contents of the branches not spirally arranged, cell-membrane 
now and then very thick. Fructiferous cells not terminal, 
often in the middle of the branches or at their base. 
Size. Threads-1 mm. diam. 
Kutz. Tab. iii, t. 50. Rabh. Alg. Eur. iii, 3834. Jenner 
Fl, Tunb. Wells 186. Harv. Man. 134. 
Conferva fracta, Eng. Fl. v. 356. Johns. Fl. Berw. ii., 254. 
Eng. Bot. i., t. 2338, ii., t. 2492. Dillw. Conf., t.14. Lyngb. 
Hydr. Dan.t., 52. Grev. Fl. Ed. 318. Hook. Fl. Scot. ii., 82. 
Mack Hib. 227. Fl. Devonii., 52. Gray Arr. i, 304. 
Conferva vagabunda, Huds. Fl. Ang. ii., 601. Lightf. Fi. 
Scot. 990.- With Arr. iv., 139. 
Conferva marina trichoides, lane instar ecpansa, Ray. Syn. 
60. Dillen. Muse. 30, t. 5, f. 32. 
Cladophora crispata, Hass. Alg. 216. 
In fresh and brackish water. 
“ At first forming loose tufts, which frequently become detached, and 
the plant is more commonly found constituting floating strata, many 
tufts entangled together in each floating mass. Filaments capillary 
from six to eight or ten inches long, much, but very irregularly branched, 
the branches distant, spreading at wide angles, or much divaricated, 
either dichotomous or alternate, the lesser branches repeatedly forked, 
with wide axils,and the ramuli which are few and very patent, com- 
monly secund, sometimes alternate. Articulations three or four times 
as long as broad, rarely six times as long, those of the upper branches 
pretty uniformly thrice as long as their diameter, at first cylindrical, 
then becoming pyriform, and when mature elliptical, when the branches 
resemble strings of dark green beads. Dissepiments finally much con- 
tracted. Colour at first a pleasant grass green, becoming darker and 
duller as the plant advances in age. The endochrome is at first fluid, 
putin the full grown articulations (which are in fact changed into 
sporangia) it becomes distinctly granular, very dense, and of a dark 
colour. In drying the plant adheres to paper, but not very firmly.”— 
Harvey. 
Plate LV. fig.1. Upper portion of filament of Cladophora fracta X 
10 Fig. 2, portion, with fertile cell x 100 diam. 
