422 SPENCER FULLERTON BAIRD 
when they spawn and where; what is the nature of their food; 
what localities they prefer; what agencies interfere with the spawn 
or the young fish; what length of time elapses before the young 
themselves are capable of reproducing; for how many years the 
function of reproduction can be exercised; and many other points 
of equal importance. 
I would, therefore, suggest the appointment of a Fish Commis- 
sioner, on the part of the United States, whose duty it shall be to 
prosecute this investigation, and report upon these points to Congress; 
and perhaps, after conference with the Fish Commissioners of the 
several States, advise what action, if any, should be taken, either 
by the General Government alone, or in conjunction with the States, 
to arrest the alleged impending extermination of our sea fishes, and 
bring their numbers back to that maximum which will secure an 
ample supply of wholesome food for the community, and at the same 
time furnish a means of comfortable living to persons engaged in the 
business. 
Cod and Mackerel are not concerned directly in this inquiry, as 
they are not captured to any great extent in pounds; but since they 
feed almost entirely on other fish, their abundance on or near our 
coast, depends largely upon that of the kinds mentioned in the 
beginning of this letter. 
With regard to Salmon, Shad and Alewives, which run up into 
inland ponds and streams to spawn, the protective measures now 
enforced by State Legislatures, while these fish are in fresh water, 
are amply sufficient to secure their increase. There are, however, 
about forty species of food fishes, belonging almost exclusively to 
the salt water of the coast, from the Bay of Fundy to the Gulf of 
Mexico, which require the consideration herein indicated. 
But for my fear of extending too greatly the already unreasonable 
length of this letter, I could adduce a great many well attested facts 
in support of the various propositions herewith presented; and should 
it be desired, they can be promptly furnished. 
Very respectfully, 
Spencer F. Bairp, 
Asst. Secretary S. I. 
