142 H. G. SIMMONS. [sec. arct. exp. fram 



knolls in the swamps; and its big, compact tufts often clothe wide 

 stretches of ground. Its size may be very different, but under favour- 

 able conditions, in rich soil and in warm summers, I have seen it attain 

 to the height of 15 inches (at the "green patch" near our anchorage 

 in the Harbour Fjord, and in the great valley in the Walrus Fjord, 

 1902), but also stunted individuals, not more than an inch or two high, 

 could be found It flowered from the end of June and fruited abundantly. 



Occurrence. North coast: Floeberg Beach (Hart). Grinnell Land ; 

 Discovery Harbour (Hart, Greely); Franklin Pearce Bay (Hart), Victoria 

 Head. Hayes Sound region, common; specimens from: Cape Ruther- 

 ford (305), Bedford Pim Island (269, 1251). South coast, common in 

 the archaean territory; specimens from: Fram Fjord (1622), Harbour 

 Fjord (2238, 2341, 2446, 3997); more rare to the west in the lime and 

 sandstone regions; specimens from: South Gape Fjord (2062), Goose 

 Fjord (3331). West coast: Simmons Peninsula up to Lands End; 

 Braskerud Plain (707, leg. Isachsen). 



Distribution: East and West Greenland, Arctic American Archi- 

 pelago, Arctic America, Hudson Bay region, Rocky Mountains to Co- 

 lorado, Alaska, St. Lawrence Island, Land of the Chukches, mouths of 

 Lena and Olenek Rivers, East Siberia, Kamshatka, Arctic Russia, 

 Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Northern Scandinavia, Iceland. G. fuligi- 

 nosa in the Caucasus and Central European mountains. 



Carex pedata, Wahlenb. 



C. pedata, Wahlenberg, F1. Lapp., 1812; Ostenfeld, F1. Arct. ; Lange, Consp. Fl. 

 Groenl.; Khuuse, List E. Greenl. ; Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bol. Arb. ; Ledebohr, 

 Fl. Ross.; Meinshahsen, Gyp. Russl.; Andersson, Gyp. Scand. ; Hartman, 

 Skand. Fl.; iion Linnaeus, Sp. plant., Ed. 2; nee Allioni, Fl. Pedem. 

 Fig. Wahlenberg, 1. c., T. 14; Sv. Boi, T. 684; Fl. Dan., T. 2431. 



The name C. pedata is first used by Linnaeus, 1. c, p. 1384, but 

 the plant there understood, is certainly something quite different from 

 that which Wahlenberg has afterwards identified with it. As already 

 pointed out by several authors, the specimens of Linnaeus have prob- 

 ably belonged to G. globularis, L., nothwithstanding the quotations 

 point to G. ornithopoda, Willd. This is especially the case with the 

 quotation "Mich. gen. T. 32, fig. 14". The figure of Michelius (N. 

 plant, gen.) can hardly have reference to any other species than the 

 last-mentioned, or G. digitata, L. Allioni, 1. c. 2, p. 268, gives no 

 description, but quotes only Linnaeus and the authors already quoted 

 by him. In the Alps, however, neither G. pedata, Wahlenb., nor G- 



